Basic First Aid Flashcards
What is First Aid?
It is the first treatment given to a person who has been injured before the arrive of an ambulance or a qualified medical expert.
Name the 3 aims of First Aid. (Hint: the 3 Ps)
- preserve life
- prevent the condition worsening i.e. a wound getting infected
- promote recovery
List 5 items in a First Aid Kit
First Aid Book Tweezers Cotton Wool Safety pins Sterile Gauze Crepe Bandages Anti-Septic Thermometer Lotion Cotton Buds Scissors Triangular Bandages Adhesive Plasters
How would you treat a person who feels faint?
Sit them down,
Put their head between their knees
If fainted, they should remain lying down for 10 - 15 mins after regaining consciousness
Get medical help if they do not regain consciousness within 2 minutes.
How would you treat a person who has been poisoned with a corrosive poison?
Give milk to neutralise the poison.
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING!
Take them to a hospital immediately.
If they are unconscious, put them in the recovery position and call an ambulance.
How would you treat a person who has been poisoned with a non- corrosive poison?
Give milk to neutralise the poison.
Induce vomiting.
Take them to a hospital immediately.
If they are unconscious, put them in the recovery position and call an ambulance.
How would you treat a child who is chocking?
Place the child face downwards over your knees
Support the head with one head.
Slap the child four times between the shoulder blades.
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If this doesn’t work, hold the child face up on your forearm with the head lower than the
body. Using two fingers placed at the centre of the infant’s breastbone, give five quick
chest compressions.
Repeat the back blows and chest thrusts five times if required.
If breathing doesn’t resume, call for emergency medical help.
How would you treat an adult who is chocking?
Use the Heimlich manoeuvre:
Stand behind the victim;
Clasp your hands together under their rib cage.
Pull your hands towards yourself with a sharp inward and upward movement.
Repeat up to four times, if necessary.
If breathing doesn’t resume, call for emergency medical help.
How would you treat a minor cut/abrasion?
Hold the cut under running water to remove dirt.
Wash the skin around the wound with soap and water.
Pat the wound dry with sterile gauze and apply antiseptic ointment
Most minor cuts and abrasions stop bleeding on their own. However, if the bleeding continues, apply pressure to the wound with a clean bandage.
Don’t use cotton wool on cuts because the fibres will get stuck in the wound.
Change the dressings at least once a day and watch for infection – remember that an infection will only be obvious after a day or two.
How would you treat a deep wound?
Press on the wound with a clean towel or gauze and
get professional help.
Deeper cuts might need stitches to keep the wound closed.
Try to elevate the area that is bleeding.
If there is an object in the wound, don’t try to remove it.
Get emergency help if:
the wound is large/deep and bleeding hasn’t stopped after 10 minutes.
The person has lost of lot blood and is sleepy or pale3
There is something stuck in the wound.
The person cannot move his fingers or toes.
The wound is on the face or neck.
What is the difference between a scald and a burn?
A burn is caused by dry heat, e.g. a hot iron, the sun or fire.
A scald is caused by a liquid, such as hot water or steam.
What are the different degrees of burns/scalds?
First degree, Second degree and third degree burns.
First degree burns can be treated at home, 2nd and 3rd degree burns should be treated at a hospital.
How do you treat burns?
Cool the burn with cool or lukewarm water for 10 to 30 minutes – do not use ice, icedwater or any creams or greasy substances such as butter.
If blisters have formed on the skin, DO NOT pop them.
Special creams for burnt skin are available.
Cover a serious burn with a layer of cling film over to reduce the risk of infection and go to the hospital.
Do not remove any clothing that is stuck to the burn
How do you treat bruises?
Most bruises are not very serious and will get better on their own over a period of about ten days.
If the bruise is quite large and swollen, then you can apply ice packs to reduce the swelling. This will also help the pain.
Elevate the area if the bruise is on a leg or an arm.
Go to a medical expert if:
- A bruise doesn’t fade within 14 days.
- The person is in pain for more than 24 hours.
- If pain on the site of the bruise gets worse.
Cuts and abrasions are injuries that ______________or _______________ the skin.
Cuts and abrasions are injuries that ______________or _______________ the skin.
