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Spring Biology > Food and digestion > Flashcards

Food and digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is digestion?

A

It is the breaking up of large insoluble food molecules into small soluble food molecules.

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2
Q

What are the two types of digestion?

A

Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.

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3
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Where muscles are involved in a physical process eg) Chewing, Peristalsis, Stomach churning e.t.c.

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4
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Chemical digestion involves enzymes.

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5
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

An enzyme is a molecule (protein) that speeds up a reaction (catalyst).

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6
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up

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7
Q

What are the seven food components for a balanced diet?

A

Protein
Carbohydrates
Fats (Lipids)
Fibre
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

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8
Q

Where are proteins found?

A

Meats, fish, pulses, tofu, insects

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9
Q

Where are fats found?

A

Oils, avacado, red meat, butter, cheese, milk

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10
Q

Where is fibre found?

A

Brown rice, brown bread, porridge, cereals, fruits

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11
Q

Where are vitamins found?

A

Fruit, vegetables, red meat, seeds, plant oils

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12
Q

Where are mineral ions found?

A

Certain meats, vegetables, fruits, supplements, salts

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13
Q

Label this diagram
What is
a
b
C
D
E

A

A liver
B pancreas
C small intestine
D large intestine
E rectum

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14
Q

What is nutrition?

A

Nutrition is what you eat.

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15
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

A balanced diet is having the right amount of nutrients. These nutrients are proteins, carbohydrates, fibre, vitamins, water, minerals and fats.

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16
Q

What are carbohydrates needed for?

A

Carbohydrates provide energy for your body. Active or growing people need lots of carbohydrates to sustain the energy they are using up.

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17
Q

What are proteins needed for?

A

Proteins are vital for growth and repair of muscles.

18
Q

What are fats (lipids) needed for?

A

Fats (lipids) act as a store of energy, which could be used if your body runs out of carbohydrates.

19
Q

What are vitamins needed for?

A

Vitamins are needed to keep many vital processes happening and are essential for health.

20
Q

What are minerals needed for?

A

Minerals are needed to keep many vital processes happening and are essential for health.

21
Q

What is fibre needed for?

A

Fibre helps food move through your digestive system.

22
Q

What are the food groups? ( seven)

A
23
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A
24
Q

The seven nutritional groups

A
25
Q

What is malnutrition?

A

Condition where a person’s diet does not contain the right amount of nutrients
It can be under-nutrition OR over nutrition

26
Q

What is under nutrition?

A
27
Q

What can happen to people with malnutrition?

A
28
Q

What diseases can occur with over nutrition?

A
29
Q
A
30
Q
A

Breakfast cereal
Peas
Carrots
Oats
Bananas

31
Q

question is picture:

A

a) F
b) T
c) F
d) F
e) T
f) F
g) T

32
Q

Jason has been ill, and his doctor has suggested that he needs to take vitamins
Suggest two types of food that contain a lot of vitamins.

A

Vegetables / fruit / cereals

33
Q

The doctor suggests that Jason should get more vitamin C in particular.
Give one role of vitamin C in the body.

A

• Vitamin C helps wound healing and can help your immune system.

34
Q
A

Iron blood
Sodium nerves
Calcium bones and teeth

35
Q

Emma has fish and chips for her dinner three times a week.
(a) Which is a better source of protein - the fish or the chips?

A

Fish

36
Q

) Most of the fat in the chips is saturated fat. Most of the fat in fish is unsaturated fat. Based on this information, are the chips or the fish better for Emma’s health? Explain your answer.

A

Fat
Butter / cooking oil / cream
There are two types of fats:
1) Saturated fats, found in foods such as butter and cream
- it can be bad for your health if you eat too many of these.
2) Unsaturated fats, found in olive oil and nuts
these are better for you than saturated fats so you can eat more of them.

37
Q

(c) Emma drinks a glass of water with her dinner.
How may Emma feel if she doesn’t drink enough water every day?

A

• If you don’t get enough water you can get dehydrated. The symptoms of dehydration include bad headaches, dizziness and tiredness.

38
Q

Here is some information for you to learn

A

Lipids act as a store of energy - which you use if your body runs out of carbohydrates.

Fibre helps food move through your digestive system.

Meat / eggs / fish / eggs/ milk/ cheese are good sources of protein

About 75% of your body is water and all chemi reactions (e.g. digestion), take place in water.

Vitamins are only needed in very small amounts

Carbohydrates are like fuel (energy) for your body.

39
Q
A
40
Q
A
41
Q
A

Spring Biology (12 decks)

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