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Spring Biology > Biology - Microbes & Disease COPY > Flashcards

Biology - Microbes & Disease COPY Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a communicable disease?

A

A disease that can be spread from one person to another.

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2
Q

Is cancer a communicable or non-communicable disease?

A

Non-communicable

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3
Q

What is the name for a microorganism that can cause harm to humans?

A

A pathogen

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4
Q

What are the 4 main types of pathogen?

A

Virus, Bacterium, Fungus and Protist

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5
Q

Which type of pathogen is malaria?

A

A protist

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6
Q

What type of pathogen is salmonella (a common cause of food poisoning)

A

bacteria

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7
Q

What are five types of transmission for a disease?

A

Direct contact, through water, through air, unhygienic food preparation, through vectors (such as mosquitos)

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8
Q

What is the name for the type of drugs designed to specifically fight bacterial infections?

A

Antibiotics

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9
Q

What is the name for the type of drugs designed to specifically fight viral infections?

A

Antiviral drugs

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10
Q

What are your body’s first line of defence against pathogens?

A

Your skin, your nose, your trachea and bronchi and your stomach.

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11
Q

How does your skin protect you from pathogens?

A

It is a physical barrier that covers almost all of your body, it can heal itself if cut.

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12
Q

How does your nose protect you from pathogens?

A

The nose has hair and produces mucus which traps pathogens to stop them entering the body.

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13
Q

How do your stomach protect you from pathogens?

A

Your stomach is very acidic and will kill any pathogens that have been consumed by your body.

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14
Q

What are the two main cells that make up your immune system?

A

Phagocytes and lymphocytes (these are both white blood cells)

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15
Q

How does a phagocyte protect you from disease?

A

The phagocyte’s will surround the pathogen and break it down in order to destroy it.

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16
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Antibodies are produced by lymphocytes and cover the surface of pathogens to cause them to stick together. This makes them less harmful and easier for your body to remove.

17
Q

Which two of these diseases can be treated with antibiotics?

Malaria, group A Streptococcus , chlamydia or HIV

A

Chlamydia and group A Streptococcus as it is a bacterial infection

18
Q

What type of blood cells produce antibodies?

A

Lymphocytes

19
Q

What piece of equipment is needed to see a microorganism?

A

Microscope

20
Q

Some microorganisms can be useful. Which substance, produced by bacteria, turns milk into yoghurt?
Ethanol, lactose or lactic acid?

A

Lactic acid

21
Q

Which product is made using yeast?
Yogurt, cheese or bread?

A

Bread

22
Q

What two products are the result of fermentation with yeast?

A

Ethanol and carbon dioxide

23
Q

Plants also have defences against pathogens. Name two physical defences a plant may have.

A

Thick bark, thorns and hairs, chemical defenses such as toxins or stings.

24
Q

How do vaccines protect us from infections?

A

Vaccines contain a dead or inactive form of a pathogen that causes an immune response resulting in the production of memory cells. The next time the live pathogen enters the body, the memory cells produce specific antibodies which can destroy it.

25
Q

Give 3 ways to improve your general health.

A

Eat a healthy, balanced diet
Exercise regularly
Don’t smoke

26
Q

How could an infected person reduce the risk of them transmitting a bacterial disease such as the cold.

A

Isolation
Washing hands
Covering mouth and nose when sneezing/coughing

27
Q

What kind of pathogen causes Rose black spot?

A

A fungus (disease in plants)

28
Q

What kind of pathogen causes malaria?

A

Protist

29
Q

A parasites that lives in or on another organism, which is called the host. whilst taking what it needs from the host but giving nothing in return is called a ____

A

Parasite

30
Q

Mutualism is different from parasitism because….

A

Mutualism is beneficial for both species involved

31
Q

Why can some bacterial infections make you throw up / have diarrhea?

A

Bacteria can produce toxins as the respire which poisons the body.

32
Q

Fleas live on dogs and feed on their blood. Which one is the host and which is the parasite?

A

Dog = host
Flea = Parasite

Spring Biology (12 decks)

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