FOM Flashcards
When the FOM conflicts with an FAR, which takes precedence?
FAR, op specs, or foreign regulations always take precedence. However, if the SkyWest policy is more restrictive, that takes precedence.
Who does a pilot in command report to?
Chief Pilot
What are the SkyWest human factor conditions? Define them
Green, yellow, and red.
Green- threats are managed, saturation level managed, situational awareness not impaired. Etc.
Yellow- some threats are ignored, task saturation beginning, situational awareness reduced, etc.
Red- threats are not being detected, task saturation high, situational awareness is totally lost, etc.
How does SkyWest want you to handle yellow or red conditions regarding task saturation?
For both, they want you to verbalize that you are in the yellow, or in the red. Buy yourself time, say unable, set the parking brake, execute a missed approach, ask for delaying vectors, etc.
TEAM Model for unanticipated threat
- ) Fly the airplane, stabilize the situation (memory items, QRC)
- ) PF vs. PM (Captain delegates duties)
- )
a. ) Time Threat: Create more time, slow down, expand your team, communicate (2 out 2 in)
b. ) NO TIME Threat (fire, life threatening): Act- use best judgement and try to land as soon as possible
b1. ) Communicate (2 out 2 in) - ) Debrief
What is a window of circadian low and when is it?
A period of maximum sleepiness between 0200-0559 during a physiological night. (AKA the only time crew support calls your cell phone.)
If the PIC becomes aware that a member of the crew is no longer fit for duty, what must the PIC do?
The FOM requires the PIC to notify the MOD.
How do you report fit for duty?
Activating the flight on FliteView is considered signing in fit for duty. (If no EFB connectivity, call the dispatcher and PIC and SIC must verbally state fit for duty.)
FAR 117 FDP and flight time limit calculations all begin with a “report time” in order to figure out the actual limits. What time zone is this report time based on?
The time zone used as the standard for legality will always be your domicile, regardless of where you live or are currently on an overnight. If you are BOI based, everything will be calculated off of Mountain Time (BOI Time.)
FAR 117 has flight time limits per day, what are they?
Simplification: It is always 8 hours of flight time a day maximum with one exception:
Reporting between 5AM-19:59 (7:59pm) gets you 9 hours of flight time as the limit.
FAR 117 has cumulative flight time limitations. What are they?
- In any 672 consecutive hours (known as “28 days” to humans) = can’t fly more than 100 hours.
- Can’t fly more than 1,000 hours a year (rolling 365 day look back.)
When is it ok to exceed flight time limits?
Only when unforeseen operational circumstances occur. The exception has no limit, just “above to the extent necessary to safely land at destination, alternate, or as appropriate.”
In other words, its ok if holding, delay vectors, diversion, etc. makes you fly beyond the limits. What is not OK is if you dispatch knowing full well you will exceed the flight time limits.
If you exceed the FAR 117 flight time limits due to unforeseen circumstances (its still legal), do you the PIC have to write any report?
No. The company is required to within 10 days, but not the PIC.
It is the final flight of the night, you are supposed to be released at 20:00. You park, and there is a MX issue so MX comes out. They end up taking 30 minutes and you are forced to stay longer past 20:00. What must happen?
You must call crew support and get the new release time updated to 20:30.
What is a flight duty period, (FDP)?
Report time to release time is considered the FDP.
FAR 117 has cumulative FDP limits. What are they?
- In any 168 consecutive hours (known to humans as “one week”) = can’t have FDP more than 60 hours.
- In any 672 consecutive hours (28 days) = can’t have FDP more than 190 hours.
FAR 117 has FDP limitations on a daily basis, what are they?
Forget memorizing it, the FAA has created a table for it. Carry with you or have quick access to that table.
Do deadheads count as flight segments regarding FDP calculations?
Not as “flight segments.” It does count towards your FDP though, just not on a deadhead back to your home base.
Is an unplanned diversion considered as additional “flight segments” regarding FDP calculations?
Surprisingly they don’t count as additional segments. (FAA logic)
What is the legal basis for an FDP extension? How much can they extend you?
Unforeseen operational circumstances. You can be extended up to 2 hours.
If you had an FDP extension of more than 30 minutes (legal is up to 2 hours), how often can they do that to you?
Any FDP extension more than 30 minutes can only happen once within the last 168 hours (week), unless you had a consecutive 30 hours off.
Is ready reserve considered part of your FAR 117 FDP?
Yes
A reserve availability period may not be greater than____
14 hours
How do you calculate your FDP limit if you are in a RAP and then get called out on a flight?
The lesser of the applicable limits of FDP table B plus 4 hours, OR 16 hours from the beginning of the RAP. (FAA simplicity and logic)
Crewmembers are expected to be at the gate no later than ______ prior to departure
35 minutes
Can the PIC verify the ID of the crewmembers of their own flight? Who can verify ID?
No; the gate agent or another crewmember not assigned to the same flight.
Required Flight Items:
- ) ATP Cert.
- ) Medical
- ) Glasses (with spare for international) if required.
- ) Company ID
- ) Photo ID (DL or passport)
- ) FCC Radiotelephone Permit
- ) Passport (international)
- ) Flashlight
- ) Headset
- ) EFB (Including Jepps, FOM, SOPM)
What happens if you lose your medical certificate on a trip?
Call CS, they can issue a temporary 72- hour one.
Under what conditions must the PIC make all takeoffs and landings while the SIC has less than 100 hours (including their IOE)?
- ) At all FAA Special PIC/SIC Qualification airports (FOM SkyWest Special PIC Qualification Airports)
- ) Visibility is AT OR BELOW 3/4 mile or 4000’ RVR
- ) Runway has water, snow, slush, or similar.
- ) Runway braking action less than “GOOD” or an RCC of 5 OR LESS.
- ) Crosswind component in excess of 15 knots.
- ) Windshear reported
- ) PIC determination/authority.
SIC crosswind limitation (SIC has more than 100 hours)
20 knots
Green on Green crew rule
A crewmember with less than 75 hours in the airplane may not be paired with another crewmember with less than 75 hours in the airplane.
If the captain has less than 100 hours (not including IOE) they have some special restrictions. What are they?
- ) Must add 1/2 mile to DEPARTURE approach minimums and if less than this, a takeoff alternate is required.
- ) Add 1/2 mile to destination mins for dispatching purposes.
- ) Add 100’ and 1/2 to approach mins. (Unless using exemption 17203)
- ) Alternate minimums are derived (as usual), charted minimums/visibility are to be used. (AS LONG AS the charted minimums/visibility are not less than 300 ft and 1SM)
- ) CAT II not authorized.
- ) Exemption 17347 not authorized
If there is no special single engine missed approach procedure available in our EFB, does that mean that it is assumed we can make all single engine climb gradients required for the approaches to a given runway?
Yes. Aero Data and the Manager of Aircraft Operations analyze all new airports we may begin service to, and all of the numbers are run for the approaches. If we can’t make any missed approach gradient, there will be a special single engine missed/go around procedure pushed to Jepp for us.
Where to obtain information on if an airport is a special crew qualification airport or special PIC qualification airport?
Jepp under company charts tab, there will be information about the airport. It will be obvious if it is a CA only (says SAAT 4 CA only). Or if it requires supervised entry it will say that. For crew qualification only, that information would typically be under the reference tab and say “airport qualification.”
When you write something up and MX creates an MEL, does MX notify dispatch of the MEL and new restrictions?
Yes, they SHOULD do it automatically without any prompting from PIC. However, they may forget so monitor and make sure the amended release has the MEL on it.
When your flight is less than 1 hour, which weather source is controlling?
You would look at the METAR and the latest TAF. The lowest weather is controlling.
NOTE: A current RVR report always supersedes reported visibility in a METAR or SPECI
Not including any exemptions (i.e. 17347), what is the general weather requirement for the destination in order to legally dispatch?
The appropriate weather forecast, or report must indicate that weather conditions will be at or above the authorized minimums at ETA.
If WX conditions at destination deteriorate below authorized minimums prior to departure, ________
The flight is not authorized to depart. PIC and dispatcher must delay flight until conditions improve.
If WX conditions at destination deteriorate below authorized minimums after the point of departure,______
The flight may continue if the PIC and dispatcher believe doing so will not affect safety of flight.
What are the requirements if dispatched to an airport with no instrument approach?
- Must have an alternate filed
- WX forecasted to have ceilings higher than minimum vectoring altitude or 1,000’ AGL, whichever is higher
- WX forecasted to have visibility greater than 3 SM
When do you need a takeoff alternate? What does it require?
- When the weather at the departure airport is below the landing minimums for that airport. (only visibility counts) (Can use CAT II minimums)
- Must be within 1 hour of the departure airport, normal cruise, still air, one engine inoperative.
For the purposes of alternate airports, what does the term “marginal weather” exactly mean?
-Any time the weather conditions at the destination AND first alternate are at or forecasted to be, at the ETA, equal to lowest authorized minima for destination and alternate.
When is a second alternate required?
- If “marginal” weather exists
- If using exemption 17347
When would it be allowed to list no alternate on the release?
If at the destination the weather between 1 hour prior to one hour after the ETA is forecasted to be at least 2,000’ ceilings and at least 3SM visibility.
And no other conditions that would require an alternate:
- no instrument approach at destination
- Alaska with only 1 runway
- RCC3 or less
- Thunderstorm activity
- Freezing precipitation
Other than the regular requirements for listing an alternate like the 123 rule, what are some of the other reasons why an alternate would be required?
- ) Destination is in Alaska with only one suitable runway.
- ) Destination has no instrument approach.
- ) Freezing precipitation of ANY kind. (FZDZ, FZRA, +SN, GR, FZFG, or UP) (think any visible moisture that isn’t water)
- ) Thunderstorm (TS) or thunderstorm with rain shower (TSRA), regardless of intensity.
- ) RCC values of less than 3.
- ) Crosswind component exceeded for runway conditions
How are alternate minimums figured out?
In 121 they are “derived” rather than a simple 600 and 2 or 800 and 2 like with part 91. Ops Spec C055 Alternate Airport IFR Weather Minimums has a table. Summary of that table is:
- For airport with at least one navigation facility providing at least one approach: ADD 400’ to MDA or DA. ADD 1 SM to LANDING MINIMUMS.
- For airport with at least TWO navigation facilities providing a straight-in approach to DIFFERENT runways: ADD 200’ to MDA or DA of the HIGHER OF THE 2 APPROACHES BEING USED. ADD 1/2 SM to THE HIGHER OF THE 2 APPROACHES BEING USED.
——-Now choose which of these 2 methods gets you lower. These are now your alternate minimums.
You have a flight from BOI-SEA, and an alternate of PSC today. Your derived alternate minimums are 400’ and 1 SM for PSC. You decide you need to divert to PSC on the way to SEA. Can you shoot a normal ILS there down to 200 and 1/2? Or are you restricted to 400-1 because of the derived alternate minimums?
You are good to use the normal minimums of 200 and 1/2. This is because when you divert to an alternate, it no longer is your alternate, it becomes your destination. And destination WX rules now apply.