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CFI Lab (414) > FOI > Flashcards

FOI Flashcards

1
Q

A change in behavior as a result of experience can be defined as:

A

Learning

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2
Q

The learning process may include some types of element taking place simultaneously such as verbal, conceptual and:

A

Emotional

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3
Q

Insights, as applied to learning, involve a person’s:

A

GROUPING OF ASSOCIATED PERCEPTIONS into meaningful wholes

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4
Q

Individuals make more progress learning if they have a clear objective. This is one feature of the principle of:

A

READINESS

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5
Q

What is true concerning motivations?

A

Motivations may be very subtle and difficult to identify

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6
Q

What is generally the more effective way for an instructor to properly motivate students?

A

Provide positive motivations by the promise or achievement of rewards

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7
Q

What principle of learning implies that a student will learn more from the real thing than from a substitute?

A

Principle of INTENSITY

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8
Q

The principle that is based on the EMOTIONAL reaction of the learner is the principle of:

A

EFFECT

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9
Q

Things most often REPEATED are best recommended because of which principle of learning?

A

Principle of EXERCISE

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10
Q

What principle of learning creates a strong, almost unshakable, impression?

A

Principle of PRIMACY

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11
Q

What principle of learning determines the SEQUENCE of lectures within a course of instruction?

A

Principle of RECENCY

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12
Q

Providing opportunities for a student to practice and then directing this process toward a goal is the basis of the principle of:

A

Exercise

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13
Q

During the flight portion of a practical test, the examiner simulates complete loss of engine power by closing the throttle and announcing ‘simulated engine failure.’ What LEVEL of learning is being tested?

A

Correlation

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14
Q

When asking a student to explain how gross weight affects maneuvering speed, what LEVEL of learning is being tested?

A

Understanding

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15
Q

At which LEVEL of learning do many instructors accidentally stop teaching?

A

APPLICATION

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16
Q

Responses that produce a pleasurable return are called:

A

Praise

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17
Q

What transfer of learning occurs when the learning of one maneuver/skill HINDERS the learning of another maneuver/skill?

A

NEGATIVE

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18
Q

What type of learning has occurred when a student learns to fly an airport traffic pattern as a rectangular course?

A

POSITVIE

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19
Q

Which of the student’s human needs offer the greatest challenge to an instructor?

A

Self-Actualization

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20
Q

Before a student can concentrate on learning, which human needs must be satisfied?

A

Biological

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21
Q

What human need is met after the student feels physically comfortable and safe?

A

Belonging

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22
Q

What defense mechanism is being used when a student uses excuses to justify inadequate performance?

A

Rationalization

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23
Q

When a student displays the defense mechanism of DENIAL they may attempt to:

A

Minimize the situation

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24
Q

When a student asks irrelevant questions, or refuses to participate in class activities, it usually is an indication of the defense mechanism known as:

A

Aggression

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25
Q

What is true concerning defense mechanisms and what they involve?

A

They involve some degree of self-deception and distortion of reality

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26
Q

Taking physical or mental flight is a defense mechanism students use when they want to:

A

Escape from frustrating situations

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27
Q

When students subconsciously use the defense mechanism called Rationalization, they:

A

Cannot accept the real reasons for their behavior

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28
Q

When a student becomes bewildered and lost in the advanced phase of training after completing the early phase without grasping the fundamentals, the defense mechanism is usually in the form of:

A

Resignation

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29
Q

When a student engages in daydreaming, it is a defense mechanism of:

A

Fantasy

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30
Q

When has instruction taken place?

A

When a procedure has been explained, and the desired student response has occurred

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31
Q

What OBSTACLE to learning is a greater deterrent (to learning Pilot Skills) than is generally recognized?

A

Impatience

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32
Q

Insights, as applied to learning, involve a person’s”

A

Relating and grouping of associated perceptions

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33
Q

What LEVEL of knowledge is being tested if asked, ‘What is the significance of an a/c’s maneuvering speed listed in the pilot’s operating handbook?’

A

Understanding

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34
Q

What is true about the properties of Over-Learning?

A

Over-Learning is when repeated use of knowledge takes on the properties of a skill

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35
Q

A student who harbors a hidden fear of flying that inhibits learning will display the defense mechanism of:

A

Repression

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36
Q

When a student tries to disguise a weak/undesirable quality by emphasizing a more positive one, this is a defense mechanism in the form of:

A

Compensation

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37
Q

The use of some type of association such as rhymes or word patterns to assist in remembering info is called:

A

Mnemonics

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38
Q

How can PRE-coding be described?

A

The selective process where the sensory register is set to recognize certain stimuli and transfer it to short-term memory

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39
Q

The Stem is:

A

The part of a multiple choice test item consisting of the question, statement or problem

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40
Q

What is the function of Risk Management?

A

Decision-making process designed to identify hazards systematically

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41
Q

A student pilot performs poorly on a test. They justify it by claiming there was not enough time to learn the required material, while not admitting to taking advantage of a computerized pre-test offered by the instructor. This is an indication of the defense mechanism known as:

A

Rationalization

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42
Q

Assessment of student learning should be an _____ part of each lesson

A

INTEGRAL

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43
Q

Evaluation of student performance and accomplishment during a lesson should be based on:

A

Objectives and goals established in the lesson plan

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44
Q

What is true about student willingly accepting instructors’ critiques?

A

Before students willingly accept their instructor’s critique, they must first accept the instructor!

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45
Q

WHEN should a instructor critique a student?

A

Immediately after the student’s performance

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46
Q

An instructor’s critique of a student’s performance should BE:

A

Constructive and objective!

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47
Q

An instructor’s critique of a student’s performance should PROVIDE:

A

Direction and guidance to improve performance

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48
Q

An instructor’s assessment of a student’s performance is a step in:

A

The LEARNING process, not just in the grading process

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49
Q

To be effective, a critique should be:

A

Flexible enough to satisfy the requirements of the moment

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50
Q

A written test is said to be comprehensive when it:

A

Effectively measures the overall OBJECTIVES

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51
Q

What is the main disadvantage of Supply-Type items?

A

They cannot be graded with Uniformity

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52
Q

A written test has validity when it:

A

Measures what is it SUPPOSED to measure

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53
Q

What is one major difficulty encountered in the construction of multiple-choice test items?

A

INVENTING DISTRACTORS which will be attractive to students lacking knowledge or understanding

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54
Q

In a written test, what Selection-Type test items reduce the probability of someone guessing correctly?

A

Matching!

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55
Q

What type of test item creates that greatest probability of guessing?

A

True-False

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56
Q

The characteristic of a written test, which measures small differences in achievement between students, is its:

A

Discrimination!

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57
Q

What is a characteristic of Supply-Type test items?

A

The same test graded by different instructors would probably be given different scores

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58
Q

A written test having the characteristics of discrimination will:

A

Identify even small differences in student achievement

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59
Q

A written test that has reliability:

A

Yields consistent results

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60
Q

One of the main advantages of Selection-Type test items, over Supply-Type test items, is that:

A

Selection-Type would be GRADED OBJECTIVELY regardless of the student or the grader

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61
Q

What is true for effective multiple-choice test items?

A

Items may include several options that are plausible or even scientifically accurate

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62
Q

What is true about multiple-choice test items that are intended to measure achievement at a higher level of learning?

A

Some or all of the alternatives should be acceptable but only one should be clearly better than the others

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63
Q

What type of test is used for evaluating training involving an operation, procedure, or process?

A

Performance type test

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64
Q

A pretest constructed to measure knowledge and sills necessary to begin a course is referred to as a:

A

CRITERION-Referenced test

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65
Q

In evaluating student demonstration of piloting ability (in regards to progress), it is important for the flight instructor to keep the student ______

A

INFORMED

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66
Q

Evaluation of Demonstrated Ability during flight instruction must be based upon:

A

ESTABLISHING STANDARDS of performance suitably modified to the student’s stage of development/experience level

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67
Q

What is the main advantage of Supply-Type test items?

A

Require the learner to ORGANIZE KNOWLEDGE

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68
Q

Criterion-Based assessment items are normally a part of what kind of tests?

A

Performance-Based tests!

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69
Q

What is true about an instructor’s critique of a student’s performance?

A

It should be as VARIED in content as the performance being evaluated

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70
Q

What test item is more likely to utilize ROTE memory than knowledge of the subject?

A

True and False!

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71
Q

As an aviation instructor you know that FAA PTS books are:

A

TESTING documents only

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72
Q

What 3 elements do Performance-Based objectives consist of?

A

Description of the skill, condition and CRITERIA

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73
Q

What type of assessment focuses on real-world skills/ability to use critical thinking in real-world tasks?

A

Authentic assessments

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74
Q

During a flight training course, when is it appropriate to introduce the students to the acceptable standards for passing the practical test?

A

Not until 3 HOURS BEFORE the practical test prep instruction required by regulation ????

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75
Q

A method of making students aware of their progress is:

A

REPEATING A DEMO, showing the students the standard their performance must ultimately meet

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76
Q

What factor affecting perception has the greatest impact on the perceptual process?

A

Self-Concept

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77
Q

A basic need that affects all of a person’s perception is the need to ______ and ______ the organized self

A

MAINTAIN and ENHANCE the organized self

78
Q

What is the basis of all learning?

A

PERCEPTION

79
Q

What factor (affecting perceptions) is based on the effectiveness of the use of a properly planned training syllabus?

A

TIME and OPPORTUNITY

80
Q

In learning, fear or the element of threat will ____ the student’s perceptual field.

A

Narrow

81
Q

Perceptions result when a person:

A

Gives MEANING to sensations being experienced

82
Q

What domain of learning deals with knowledge?

A

Cognitive

83
Q

The LEAST complex outcome in the PSYCHOMOTOR domain is ______

A

Perception

84
Q

The MOST complex outcome in the AFFECTIVE domain is ______

A

Characterization

85
Q

The Educational Objective Levels for the COGNITIVE domain are:

A 
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
etc.
-OR-
Recall
Compression
Application 
etc.
86
Q

AFFECTIVE domain relates to:

A

Attitudes, beliefs, and values!

87
Q

What memory system processes input from the environment?

A

Sensory register

88
Q

The theory that suggests why info that is not used over time is harder to recall is:

A

Fading

89
Q

When the learning of similar things overshadows other learning experiences, it is called:

A

Interference

90
Q

How can RE-Coding be described?

A

The RElating of incoming info to concepts/knowledge already in memory

91
Q

The use of association, rhymes or mnemonics is best suited to which memory system?

A

SHORT-term

92
Q

To communicate effectively, instructors must:

A

Reveal a positive attitude while delivering their message

93
Q

The effectiveness of communication between instructor and student is measured by the similarity between:

A

The idea transmitted, and the idea received.

94
Q

To communicate effectively, an instructor should speak or write from a background of:

A

Up-to-date, stimulating material!

95
Q

EFFECTIVE communication has taken place when, and ONLY when, the receivers ____ with understanding and ____ their behavior accordingly

A

REACT with understanding, and CHANGE their behavior accordingly

96
Q

In the communication process, the communicator will be more successful in gaining/retaining the receiver’s attention by using a _____ communicative approach.

A

VARIED

97
Q

By using ABSTRACTIONS in the communication process, the communicator is using words that:

A

Stand for ideas that can NOT be directly experienced

98
Q

Probably the greatest single barrier to effective communication in the teaching process is:

A

Lack of common EXPERIENCE LEVEL between instructor and student

99
Q

When new EVENTS displace things that had been previously learned, it is called:
When new INFO displaces previously learning info, what type of learning has occurred?

A
  • Interference! (not displacement)

- Negative

100
Q

What is one example of a skill involving the PSYCHOMOTOR domain?

A

Programming a GPS receiver

101
Q

What is one example of a skill involving the COGNITIVE domain?

A

Determining info required for a logbook entry

102
Q

What memory system can be enhanced by practice and repetition?

A

Short-term

103
Q

____ memory is a reconstruction, and not a pure recall, of info or events.

A

Long-Term Memory

104
Q

Short-Term memory (STM) is time limited, and has a capacity limited to usually ___ bits or chunks of info.

A

7

105
Q

What domain of learning requires remembering specific facts and concepts?

A

Cognitive!

106
Q

A problem in using abstract words is that they:

A

stand for ideas that cannot be directly experienced

107
Q

A factor that has a great influence on the total perceptual process is:

A

Self-Image!

108
Q

Motivations in the form of Reproof and Threats should be avoided with all BUT the student who is:

A

Overconfident and Impulsive

109
Q

For a motivation to be effective, students must believe their efforts will be rewarded in a definite manner. What TYPE of motivation is this?

A

Tangible Motivation

110
Q

What type of motivations cause a student to react with fear or anxiety?

A

Negative Motivations

111
Q

What factor contributes MOST to a student’s ability to remain RECEPTIVE to new experiences?

A

Positive Self-Concept!

112
Q

What is the systematic classification scheme for SORTING LEARNING OBJECTIVES called?

A

Taxonomy

113
Q

A Learning Plateau may be defined as the point at which:

A

Progress appears to slow down or cease, before once again increasing

114
Q

The best way to prepare a student to perform a task is to provide:

A

A clear, step-by-step example!

115
Q

A primary consideration in planing for student skill acquisition is:

A

The length of time devoted to practice

116
Q

To form proper habits and correct techniques during training, an instructor should INSIST on:

A

Correcting techniques and procedures from the outset of training!

117
Q

When under stress, individuals usually react by exhibiting:

A

Rational Thinking
Rapid Reaction
Extreme Sensitivity to surroundings

118
Q

How can instructor counteract anxiety in a student?

A

Reinforcing the student’s ENJOYMENT of flying, and teaching them to COPE WITH THEIR FEARS

119
Q

What are indications of a student reacting abnormally to stress?

A
  • Inappropriate laughter or singing

- Extreme overcooperation

120
Q

An adequately developed lesson falls logically into what steps of the teaching process? (list first 2 atleast)

A
  • Prep
  • Planning/Presentation
    Application
    Review
    Evaluation
121
Q

What Method of Presentation is desirable for TEACHING a skill, such as ground school lessons, on a flight computer?

A

Demonstration/Performance (no presentation)

122
Q

What Method of Presentation is suitable for PRESENTING new material, summarizing ideas, and for showing relationships?

A

Lecture method

123
Q

To enhance a student’s acceptance of further instruction, the instructor should keep the student:

A

INFORMED of the progress made

124
Q

What is the proper sequence for the subparts of an introduction? (3 things)

A

Attention
Motivation
Overview

125
Q

Arranging lesson material from simple to complex, past to present, and known to unknown, helps shows ____

A

Relationships (of the main points to the lesson)

126
Q

In developing a lesson, the instructor should organize explanations/demos to help the student achieve what?

A

The desired learning outcome!

127
Q

When teaching from the known to the unknown, an instructor is using the student’s previous:

A

EXPERIENCES and KNOWLEDGE

128
Q

In organizing lesson material, which step sets the stage for everything to come?

A

The Introduction! (not overview)

129
Q

The first step in preparing a lecture is to establish the _____ and _____ ________

A

Objective

Desired Outcome

130
Q

One advantage of the Lecture method is that it:

A

Uses time economically

131
Q

The distinguishing characteristic of an Informal Lecture is the:

A

Active student participation

132
Q

True or False: The instructor must develop a keen perception for subtle responses from the class during a Teaching Lecture.

A

TRUE

133
Q

What would detract from an instructor’s dignity, and reflect upon the student’s intelligence during a Teaching Lecture?

A

Errors in Grammar

Use of Vulgarisms

134
Q

Perhaps the most significant characteristic of Group Learning is that student tend to:

A

Actively participate in the learning process

135
Q

What is the main advantage with Heterogeneous (dis-similar) groups of students?

A

They tend to interact and achieve in ways that are rarely found with other instructional strategies

136
Q

What is the main reason students are put in Cooperative Learning Groups?

A

So they can INDIVIDUALLY achieve greater success vs if they were studying alone

137
Q

A strategy which organizes students into small groups so they can work together to maximize their learning is called:

A

Cooperative Learning

138
Q

An _____ question is one directed to an entire group to stimulate thought and response from each group member.

A

an Overhead question

139
Q

What is an example of the best LEADOFF question for a guided discussion on the subject of torque?

A

HOW does torque affect an airplane? (in general)

140
Q

When students have adequately discussed the ideas presented during a guided discussion, the most valuable tool an instructor can use is:

A

An INTERIM SUMMARY (of what the student’s accomplished)

141
Q

The Guided Discussion method of teaching relies on:

A

Student possession of a level of knowledge of the topic

142
Q

In a Guided Discussion, learning is achieved through:

A

The skillful use of QUESTIONS

143
Q

What is the last step in the demonstration/performance method?

A

Evaluation

144
Q

What are the steps in the of the Demonstration/Performance method, in order? (first 3 atleast)

A 
Explanation
Demonstration
Student Performance 
Instructor Supervision
Evaluation
145
Q

True or False: The student controls the pace and content of instruction during Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL)

A

TRUE

146
Q

The major advantage of computer-based training (CBT) is that it is interactive - the computer responds in different ways, depending on the student’s:

A

Inputs/Responses

147
Q

Practical tests for pilot certification are what kind of test?

A

Criterion-Referenced test

148
Q

PTS objective is the ensure certification of pilots at a high level of performance is consists with:

A

SAFETY

149
Q

During oral quizzing, effective questions should be:

A
  • Brief and concise

- Adapted to the stage of training

150
Q

What is a valid reason for oral quizzing during a lesson?

A

Reveals the effectiveness of the instructor’s training methods

151
Q

What type of question would be answered based on memory of recall on an oral test?

A

A FACT Question

152
Q

Proper oral quizzing during a lesson can help the instructor identify:

A

Points which need more emphasis

153
Q

To answer a student’s question, it is most important that the instructor:

A

Clearly understands the question

154
Q

True or False: Instructional aids should be designed to cover the KEY POINTS in a lesson.

A

TRUE

155
Q

Instructional aids used in teaching should be _____ with the learning outcomes to be achieved.

A

COMPATIBLE

156
Q

What is true regarding positive or negative approaches in aviation instructional techniques?

A

A POSITIVE APPROACH, to be effective, will point out pleasurable features of aviation before the unpleasant possibilities

157
Q

Faulty performance due to student overconfidence should be corrected by:

A

Increasing the standard of performance for each lesson

158
Q

An instructor can most effectively maintain high level of student motivation by:

A

Making lessons fun and enjoyable

159
Q

What would be an example of a Positive approach in the first flight lesson of a student with no aviation background?

A

A normal flight to a nearby airport and return

160
Q

What should an instructor do with a student who assumes that correction of errors is unimportant?

A

Raise the standard of performance for each lesson, demanding greater effort

161
Q

Where in the AC are examples of all common endorsements found?

A

AC 61-65, Appendix 1

162
Q

Before endorsing a student for solo flight, the instructor should require the student to demonstrate consistent ability to perform:

A

ALL of the fundamental maneuvers

163
Q

True performance as a professional is based on study and _____

A

Research

164
Q

What is true regarding TRUE PROFESSIONALISM as an instructor?

A

ANYTHING LESS than sincere performance destroys the effectiveness of the professional instructor

165
Q

Student confidence tends to be destroyed if instructors:

A

BLUFF whenever in doubt about some point

166
Q

Students who are unable to see the benefits or purpose of a lesson will be _____

A

Less motivated (not apathetic)

167
Q

When the instructor keeps the student informed, it minimizes the student’s feelings of:

A

Insecurity

168
Q

Aviation instructors should be constantly alert for ways to improve their services, effectiveness, and ______

A

Qualifications

169
Q

During integrated flight instruction, the instructor must be sure the student develops the habit of:

A

Looking for other traffic, in addition to referencing instruments!

170
Q

A method of correcting student IMPATIENCE is for the instructor to:

A

Present preliminary training ONE STEP AT A TIME, with clearly stated goals for each step

171
Q

For the integrated method of flight instruction to be fully effective, the use of instrument reference should begin:

A

The FIRST TIME each new maneuver is introduced

172
Q

After overall training objectives have been established, the next step is to:

A

IDENTIFY BLOCKS of learning which constitute the total objective

173
Q

What is the primary consideration in determining length and frequency of flight instruction periods?

A

FATIGUE

174
Q

What correctly identifies the accurate perception and understanding of the factors and conditions within the four fundamental risk elements affecting flight safety?

A

SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

175
Q

What stage of skill acquisition is characterized by the performance of a procedure rapidly and smoothly while developing little deliberate attention to performance, and simultaneously performing other tasks?

A

Automatic Response

176
Q

Drill and Practice method of training delivery is based on the learing principle of _______

A

Exercise

177
Q

Initially all learning comes from ________

A

Perceptions

178
Q

The main concern in developing a lesson plan is the:

A

Student!

179
Q

How can instructors help students who are at a learning plateau?

A

By moving them to a different place in the curriculum, and giving the current task a break

180
Q

Section F (Preflight - discuss lesson objective and resolve questions) is titled:

A

Student’s Actions

181
Q

Studies of skill learning suggest that a student achieves better results when DISTRACTORS are avoided during what type of practice?

A

DELIBERATE practice

182
Q

The “telling and doing” technique is a variation of the _____/_____ method

A

Demonstration/Performance method

183
Q

A student pilot who fails and attributes the failure to an ‘unfair’ evaluation by the examiner may be demonstrating a defense mechanism known as:

A

Projection!

184
Q

Test items using rote memory more than knowledge of the subject are:

A

True/False

185
Q

Section B to F (Ground ref. manuevers) make up the ______

A

Content

186
Q

What is the procedure for using the Integrated method of flight instruction?

A

Instruction in the control of an a/c by OUTSIDE visual references WITH instruction in the use of flight INSTRUMENTS for the same operations

187
Q

The primary OBJECTIVE of Integrated Flight instruction is the formation of the good habit of:

A

cross referencing flight instruments with outside visual references

188
Q

Student quickly become apathetic when they:

A

Perceive the instructor is not adequately prepared

189
Q

What is true concerning extraneous blocks of instruction during the course of training?

A

They DETRACT from the completion of the final objective

190
Q

When it is impossible to conduct a scheduled lesson, it is preferable for the instructor to:

A

Conduct a lesson that is not predicated completely on skills to be developed DURING the lesson which was postponed

191
Q

True or False: Lesson plans help instructors keep a constant track on their own activity as well as that of thier students.

A

TRUE

CFI Lab (414) (10 decks)

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