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HSC2008 Pathology & Pharmacology > Focused Questions Week6-9 > Flashcards

Focused Questions Week6-9 Flashcards

1
Q

acute myeloid leukemia are __

A

malignant immature hematopoietic cells

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2
Q

acute myeloid leukemia translocation occurs between

A

8 & 21

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3
Q

acute promyelocytic leukemia translocation occurs between

A

15 & 17

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4
Q

acute promyelocytic leukemia are sensitive to __

A

ATRA, arsenic trioxide, anthracyclines

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5
Q

acute lymphoblastic leukemia are __

A

malignant immature lymphocytes

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6
Q

what indicates minimal residual disease in ALL treatment

A

MRD marker

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7
Q

chronic myeloid leukemia translocation between

A

9 & 22

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8
Q

chronic myeloid leukemia are __

A

pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell neoplasm

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9
Q

CML phases are __

A
  • chronic (3-5 years / 25+),
  • accelerated (12-18 months / 4-5 years),
  • blastic (3-9 months/6-12 months)
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10
Q

blastic

A

extramedullary disease with localized immature blasts

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11
Q

chronic lymphocytic leukemia diagnosis done using

A

peripheral blood

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12
Q

Rai staging

A
  • Rai 0 (low; > 10 yrs)
  • Rai 1-2 (intermediate; > 8 yrs)
  • Rai 3-4 (high; 6.5 yrs)
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13
Q

Binet staging

A
  • Binet A (> 10 yrs)
  • Binet B (>8 years)
  • Binet C(6.5 years)
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14
Q

stem cell transplantation involves

A

prep > conditioning > transfusion > engraftment

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15
Q

B cell development areas are __

A

germinal, mantle & marginal zones

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16
Q

burkitt lymphoma translocations occurs between __

A

8 & 14

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17
Q

Ann Arbor Staging

A

stage 1 = single lymph node

stage 2 = 2 or more lymph node on same side of diaphragm

stage 3 = 2 or move lymph node on different side of diaphragm

stage 4 = widespread

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18
Q

stem cell transplant process

A

collection > processing > cryopreservation > chemotherapy > infusion

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19
Q

ascending tract of spine

A

dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway, anterolateral, spinocerebellar

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20
Q

spinothalamic sends __

A

pain & temperature to thalamus

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21
Q

posterior column sends __

A

touch, pressure, vibration to brain

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22
Q

spinocerebellar sends __

A

kinesthesia, proprioception

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23
Q

descending tract includes __

A

corticospinal / corticobulbar

24
Q

difference between lacunar & hemispheric syndromes

A
  • hemispheric = presence of higher cortical dysfunction
  • lacunar = absence of higher cortical dysfunction
25
Q

purpose of ATP in neurons

A

ATP used to maintain neuronal integrity by keeping Ca2+ and Na+ outside cell & K+ inside cell

26
Q

Cincinnati stroke scale utilizes __

A

FAST = facial droop, arm weakness, slurred speech, timing

27
Q

if CT shows bleeding, what should not be given

A

rTPA not needed

28
Q

door to needle occurs within __

A

1 hr

29
Q

what is given for non-cardioembolic stroke

A

anti-platelets

30
Q

what is given for cardioembolic stroke

A

anti-coagulants such as warfarin and NOACs

31
Q

what is the significance of SPARCL trial

A

reduce stroke by reducing cholesterol

32
Q

what are the requirements to drive for stroke patients

A
  • private = driving test 1 month after stroke, pass DARP & review by neurologist
  • vocational = >1 year after stroke, fully recovered, passed DARP, cleared by neurologist
33
Q

types of partial seizures

A

simple, complex, partial with secondary generalization

34
Q

types of generalized seizures

A

generalized tonic clonic seizure, absence, myoclonic

35
Q

what hormones excite the brain

A

norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

36
Q

what hormone inhibits brain

A

GABA

37
Q

what hormone inhibits spinal cord

A

glycine

38
Q

initial flaccid paralysis will change into __ weeks later

A

spastic paralysis

39
Q

etiology of ischemic stroke is based on __

A

TOAST classification

40
Q

febrile seizures AKA __

A

lennox gastaut syndrome

41
Q

seizures managed using __

A

antiepileptic drugs, sedatives, vagus nerve stimulation

42
Q

investigations for seizures include __

A

EEG for seizure location & type,

routine blood to identify metabolic causes,

neuroimaging studies identify structural abnormalities

43
Q

seizure types

A

absent, tonic-clonic, partial seizure

44
Q

rheumatoid arthritis target

A

synovium

45
Q

major cell type in synovial fluid is

A

neutrophils

46
Q

major cell type in pannus is

A

t cells and macrophages

47
Q

spondyloarthropathies main target is

A

enthesis

47
Q

characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis

A

MCPJ subluxation, ulnar deviation, swan neck deformity, Z thumbs

48
Q

subtypes of spondyloarthropathies are __

A

ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, enteropathic arthritis & psoriatic arthritis

49
Q

psoriatic arthritis clinical features

A

nail changes, pencil in cup deformity, achilles tendinitis, hairline psoarisis, DIPJ synovitis, oncholysis

50
Q

arthritis mutilans are __

A

telescoped digits

51
Q

derivatives of oxidated arachidonic acid

A

eicosanoids

52
Q

prostanoids =

A

prostaglainds, prostacyclin, thromboxane

53
Q

function of tofacitinib

A

downregulates cytokines as JK inhibitors prevent STAT phosphorylkation

54
Q

ABE scoring

A
  • mMRC 0-1, CAT<10, 0/1 exacerbation and not hospitalized = A = bronchodilator
  • mMRC 2, CAT>10, 0/1 exacerbation and not hospitalized = B = LABA+LAMA
  • > 2 exacerbation / >1 hospitalzaition = E = LABA+LAMA+ICS(if eosinophils>300)

HSC2008 Pathology & Pharmacology (14 decks)

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