Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Theory 305 Final > Fluoride > Flashcards

Fluoride Flashcards

1
Q

Fredrick McKay

A

discovered brown stain
coined term “mottled enamel”
determined water was the cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HV Churchill

A

chemist
fluorine caused enamel change
used McKay’s findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fluoride

A
  • latin word Fluere meaning flow
  • discovered in 1886 by Henri Moissan
  • atomic element #9
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Absorption

A

GI tract –> passive diffusion, absorbed within 1 hour, less absorption when taken with milk and food
Blood Stream –> plasma is the carrier, maximum levels reached within 30 mins, normal levels are low, levels constantly fluctuating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fluoride Distribution

A
  • 99% of fluoride is in mineralize tisues

- crystal lattice of teeth (small amounds IN teeth, higher amounts ON teeth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Excretion

A
  • most excreted via kidneys in the urine
  • small amounts by sweat and feces
  • limited transfer from plasma to breast milk for excretion by that route
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pre-Eruptive: Mineralization Stage

A
  • fluoride reaches fetus by way of surrounding blood plasma
  • risky in that excess fluoride may lead to fluorosis - hypomineralization, stops ameloblasts; only occurs during development
  • beneficial in that teeth develop more shallow grooves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pre-Eruptive: Maturation Stage

A

-absorbed from surrounding tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Post-Eruptive

A
  • obtained from water, dentifrice, rinses
  • prevents caries
  • rapid uptake during first years after eruption
  • fluorosis is not possible once tooth development is complete
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dentin

A
  • fluoride is greater in exposed dentin than in enamel
  • higher concentration at pulp where exchange takes place
  • newly formed dentin absorbs fluoride rapidly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Biofilm/Saliva

A
  • may contain 5-50ppm fluoride
  • fluoride remineralizes teeth by attracting calcium and phosphate
  • inhibits demineralization (pH < 5.5)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Caries Diagnosis and Management

A

-can be sealed up to moderate lesion ICDAS 3

ICDAS 0 to ICDAS 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Remineralization

A
  • saliva neutralizes acids
  • mineral replacement
  • arrests caries
  • white spots harden/hypermineralize
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Norfolk

A

optimal fluoride level 0.90 mg/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Topical Effects of Fluoride Preventing Caries

A
  1. inhibit demineralization
  2. enhance remineralization of incipient lesions
  3. inhibit bacterial activity by inhibiting enolase, an enzyme needed by bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Water Levels

A
  • cold: 1.2ppm
  • temperate: 1.0ppm
  • warm: 0.7ppm

*****0.7ppm everywhere
72% of US population now has fluoridated water

17
Q

Root Caries

A

-demineralization starts pH 6-6.7

18
Q

Benefits

A

-increase in alveolar bone density
-less tooth loss and periodontal disease
more well controlled perio

19
Q

Food

A
  • not a good source on its own
  • cooking with fluoridated water
  • fluoride salt not approved in US, but used in other countries
20
Q

School

A
  • swish programs when no community water fluoride
  • overcompensate 4.5x more than recommended
  • EPA approved community fluoridated water content
  • FDA approves fluoridated bottled water
21
Q

Compounds Used to Fluoridate Water

A
  • sodium fluoride
  • sodium silicofluoride
  • hydrofluorosilic acid
22
Q

Fluoride in Children Chart

A

AGE 0.6ppm
0-6mo. none none none
6mo-3yr 0.25mg none none
3-6yr 0.5mg 0.25mg none
6-16yr 1.0mg 0.5mg none

23
Q

Toothpaste

A
  • normally contains 1000-11,000ppm fluoride

- 15-30% reduction in caries

24
Q

Mouthrinse

A

20-35% caries reduction in children

25
Q

Dentifrice Ingredients

A

-stannous fluoride 0.45% (1000ppm)
[first approved by ADA]
-sodium fluoride 0.24% (1100ppm)
-sodium monofluorophosphate 0.76% (1000ppm)

26
Q

Prescription Guidelines

A
  • no more than 264mg NaF (120mg Fl2)

- supplements taken with juice or water

27
Q

Sodium Fluoride

A 
-5%
22,600ppm
-0.3-0.5mL/application
-retained 24-48hours after application
-2-4x/year
-neutral pH 7
-tray method most effective for those with rampant decay
28
Q

Acidulated Phosphate

A
  • 12,300ppm
  • good taste and tissue compatibility
  • etches composite and porcelain
  • 1.23% gel and foam
  • 4min applications 1-2 times/year
29
Q

Stannous Fluoride

A
  • only available in rinse form
  • 19,360ppm
  • tin ion
  • not used regularly
  • poor taste, very unstable, stains teeth, tissue sloughing
30
Q

Xylitol

A
  • alternative to fluoride
  • natural sugar found in fruits, vegetable, and trees
  • our bodies produce 5-15 grams/day
  • natural carb metabolized in liver
  • reduces bacterial load
  • decreases caries
  • increases oral pH
  • does not raise glycemic index
  • 10g/day 5times/day
  • too much can lead to diarrhea
31
Q

Acute Toxicity

A
  • quick intake of an excessive amount of fluoride

- ingesting fluoride rinses, gels, foams, toothpaste

32
Q

Certainly Lethal Dose

A
  • amount of fluoride ingested with without antidotal therapy can cause death
  • symptoms begin 30mins-24hours
  • adult: 5-10g of fluoride
  • child: 0.5-1g of fluoride
  • induce vomiting, administer milk of magnesia
33
Q

Safely Tolerated DOse

A
  • one fourth of CLD

- depends on child weight

34
Q

GI

A

fluoride combines with HCl in stomach to make HFl causing stomach irritation
-nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, increased salivary flow, thirst

Theory 305 Final (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions