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NCLEX Subjects > Fluids:Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluids:Electrolytes Flashcards

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1
Q

SIADH-S/Sx
SG
Na+
Hct

A

Fluid volume excess–Edema, JVD, Wet, crackly lungs, Increased HR, BP, weight
Concentrated urine– Na+ >145 SG > 1.030 Hct > 47 female > 54 male

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2
Q

SIADH-Tx

A

Diuretics–
-ides + spirinolactone
Low Na+ diet
Bedrest- promotes diuresis

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3
Q

Hypervolemia-Causes

A

SIADH Heart failure (decreased cardiac output–> decreased kidney perfusion)
Kidney failure
Increased Na+ (alkaseltzer, fleets enema, high Na+ IVF)
Aldosterone

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4
Q

Aldosterone
Function
Malfunction- Too much? Too little?

A

Increases retention of Na+ and H2O
Too much= Conn’s and Cushings
Too little= Addison’s

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5
Q

Isotonic solutions3

A

NS, LR, D5W,

Do NOT use with kidney failure, heart failure or HTN

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6
Q

Hypotonic solutions3

A

D2.5W
1/2NS
0.33%NS
Fluid moves out of vascular space, into cells–> cellular edema! fluid volume deficit, hypotention.Used with pt. with HTN.

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7
Q

Hypertonic solutions5

A 
D10W3 or 5% NS
DNS
TPN
AlbuminMoves fluid from excels into the vascular space
Severe burns, edema
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8
Q

Magnesium and Calcium-HyperMg

A

Think muscle first
Decreased tone, DTRs, HR, LOC, RR
Warmth, flush (vasodilation)

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9
Q

Magnesium and Calcium

HyperCa

A

Think muscle first
PTH
Immobilization
Hi-protein (added Phos) to diet–>Encourage Ca+ to go back into bones (move!)

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10
Q

Magnesium and Calcium

HYPO Mg

A

Think muscle first-
Increased rigidity, increased DTR, seizures, Chvostek/trousseau
Give Mg, but check kidney function before and during
Brassica

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11
Q

Magnesium and Calcium

HYPO-Ca

A

Think muscle first-
Increased rigidity, increased DTR, seizures, Chvostek/trousseau
Phosphate binders
Always heart monitor those with Ca supplementation

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12
Q 
Sodium
HYPER Na+
Causes
Sx
Tx
A

Causes-Heat stroke, DI
S/Sx-Dry mouth, thirsty, swollen tongue
Tx-restrict Na+, increase fluids to dilute

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13
Q

Sodium

HYPO Na+

A

Causes- Not supplying body with electrolytes, too much water, SIADH
S/Sx- headache, seizure, coma
Tx- reduce water, increase Na+, 3-5%NS

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14
Q

Potassium-HYPER K+
Causes
Sx
Tx

A

Causes- kidney problems, aldactone (retains K+)
S/Sx- arrhythmias, muscle twitching–>weakness–>flaccid paralysis
Tx- dialysis(broken kidneys), Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate.

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15
Q

Potassium

HYPO K+

A

Causes- NG suction, vomit, diuretics, starving
S/Sx- arrhythmias, muscle cramps to weakness
Tx- give K+, aldactone (retains K+).

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16
Q

Pituitary is related to fluids how?

A

It controls ADH. Damage to the pituitary (craniotomy, tumor, sinus surgery, transphenoidalhypophsectomy, increased ICP) can trigger SIADH or decreased ADH

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17
Q

Fluid retention, think _____first

A

Heart failure

18
Q

Hydrochlorithyazide

A

Loses K+

Eat more potassium

19
Q

Furosimide

A

Loses K+

Eat more potassium

20
Q

Aldactone

A

Potassium sparing

Eat less potassium

21
Q

Bedrest induces_______

A 
Diuresis
Watch for:
Kidney stones
Constipation
DVT
SOB (secretions will be thicker, more difficult to cough up)
22
Q

Acities often caused by?

Fluid excess or deficit?

A

Liver problems

Deficit due to the fluid being in the peritoneum, not the vascular system

23
Q

Polyuria, think _____first

A

Hypovolemic shock

24
Q

Mg and Ca act like ______

A

Sedatives

25
Q

Ca has an inverse relationship with _________

A

Phosphorus

26
Q

Dietary phosphorus?

A

Anything with protiens

27
Q

Diarrhea means the loss of which mineral?

A

Magnesium

28
Q

Sodium, think ______ changes

A

Neuro

29
Q

Serum sodium levels

A

135-145

30
Q

Serum Ca+

A

9-10.5

31
Q

Serum Mg

A

1.2-2.1

32
Q

Serum Potassium levels

A

3.5 - 5.0

33
Q

Hct levels
Women?
Men?

A

38-47%

40-54%

34
Q

Specific gravity levels

A

0.010 - 0.030

35
Q

Causes of HYPERkalemia

A

Kidney problems

36
Q

Insulin carries glucose and ______ into the cells

A

Potassium, can be used for HYPERkalemia

37
Q

Sodium polystyrene

A

Exchanges sodium for potassium in GI tract. Sodium goes up, potassium goes down.
Kayexalate. Watch for dehydration as sodium increases.

38
Q

If giving IV potassium, what do you watch for?

A

Must be diluted, and on a pump. Watch for urine output. If the output decrease, it means the pt. is retaining potassium.

39
Q

ADH, where is it released?

A

Pituitary, so if there is head trauma/surgery, increased ICP = ADH problems

40
Q

Diabetes insipidus

Cause

A

Not producing or metabolizing ADH.

41
Q

Magnesium and calcium

Act like ___________

A

Sedatives

42
Q

Common Sx of hyper or Hyponatremia?

A

Neuro changes

Fluid imbalances

NCLEX Subjects (11 decks)

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