Cardiac

Question 0

Beta blockers

Answer 0

-lol
Blocks receptors for epi/norepi
Decrease BP, myocontractility, CO, O2 demands

Question 1

Stable angina-
S/Sx
Tx

Answer 1

Heart needs O2, pain on exertion
Nitro, 1 tab q5min x3
Nitro is a vasodilator, will cause headache.

Question 2

Calcium channel blockers

Answer 2

-pine, diltiazem, verapamil

Vasodilation of coronary arteries–> decrease after load! and therefore the workload on the heart.

Question 3

Cath dyes-
Check for?
Pt will feel?

Answer 3

Kidneys filter dye, must ah are good-functioning kidneys

Makes pt. feel hot

Question 4

Unstable angina

Answer 4

Impending MI

NOT relieved by rest

Question 5

STEMI

Answer 5

Always worry about this client.

Must be in a cath lab within 90 minutes

Question 6

Troponin
When does it show up?
What are normal levels for T and I?

Answer 6

Elevates in 3-4 hours, remains up for weeks

<2

Question 7

CPK-MB

When does it elevate?

Answer 7

3-12 hours, stays for 24 hours

Question 8

Amiodarone
For?
Side effect?

Answer 8

Anti-arrhythmic
For V-fib
Side effect- HYPOtentsion

Question 9

Drugs used for chest pain at ED?

4

Answer 9

O2
Asa
Nitro
Morphine

Question 10

Fibrinolytics

Answer 10

-ase
Streptokinase
Tenecteplase
Reteplase
Heart within 6-8 hours
Brain within 3 hours

Question 11

Chest pain after any PCI?

Answer 11

Call physician immediately–reoccluding

Question 12

CABG

Main reason?

Answer 12

Left coronary artery is the widow maker.

Question 13

One main cause of right sided heart failure?

Answer 13

Pulmonary embolism. It will block the lung flow, causing pulmonary HTN, which leads to extra work on the right side of the heart.

Question 14

BNP

Answer 14

Normal value <100

Released when ventricles are too full. Indicative of heart failure.

Question 15

Digitalis
Levels
Action

Answer 15

0.5-2.0
Increases efficacy of heart pump.
CO increases, causing kidney perfusion to increase–> pt. will diurese.

Question 16

Digitalis toxicity

Answer 16

Early- anorexia, N/V

Late- arrhythmias, vision changes.

Question 17

Diuretics
Suffix?
Precautions?

Answer 17

-ides + Spirinolactone

Salt substitutes contain high K+

Question 18

Narrowed pulse pressure

Answer 18

Tamponade sign

Question 19

Widened pulse pressure

Answer 19

ICP sign

Question 20

Anti coagulants

Suffix

Answer 20

-arin

Question 21

Warfarin food limitations

Answer 21

Vitamin K. Warfarin blocks vitamin K from clotting cascade.

Question 22

ACE inhibitors
Suffix
Action

Answer 22

-pril
Blocks angiotensin cascade, Prevents vasoconstriction by blocking angio 1-» angio 2
Watch for HYPERkalemia

Question 23

ARB
Suffix
Action

Answer 23

-sartan
Block all angiotensin receptors = prevention of vasoconstriction and prevention of release of aldosterone (Wasting of Na+ and H2O, retention of K+)
Watch for HYPERkalemia.

Question 24

Amiodirone

Answer 24

For V-fib if resistant to deFib, usually given with lidocaine

Question 25

ARBs and ACEs

Physiological effect

Answer 25

Block aldosterone= lose H2O and Na+

Diurese–> decrease workload on heart