Fluids and Electrolytes PP Flashcards
Major Intracellular Ions
K, Mag, Phosphate
Major Extracellular Ions
Na, Calcium, Chloride, Bicarb
Primary Cation and Anion in ECV (extracellular volume)
Cation: Na+
Anion: Cl -
Primary Cation and Anion in ICV (intracellular volume)
Cation: K+
Anion: PO4-
Extracellular Volume can be divided into two fluid systems
Interstitial Fluid (more % of fluid)
and
Plasma
Neonates have the _____ TBW, and females, the elderly, and the obese have the _____ TBW
Highest
Lowest
What mechanism and structure determine the net movement of fluid between the intravascular and interstitial spaces?
Starling Forces and Glycocalyx
What are two forces that move fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space?
Pc = Capillary hydrostatic pressure (pushes fluid out of capillary)
Pi If = Interstitial oncotic pressure (pulls fluid of capillary
What are two forces that move fluid from the interstitial space into the capillary
Pif = interstitial hydrostatic pressure (pressure fluid into capillary)
Pi C = Capillary oncotic pressure (pulls fluid into capillary)
What is the endothelial glycocalyx?
Forms a protective layer on the interior wall of the blood vessel. It acts as a gatekeeper to determine what can pass form the vessel into the interstitial space. Disruption of the glycocalyx contributes to capillary leak.
RBCs are considered about of which compartment?
Intracellular compartment because they are contained by a membrane.
What is hematocrit?
Faction of the blood volume that is occupied by RBCs
Edema occurs when the rate of interstitial fluid accumulation ____ the rate of fluid removal by the ______ system
Exceeds
Lymphatic
Which thoracic duct is smaller? What areas does it drain lymph from?
The right thoracic duct is much smaller than the left—drains lymph from the Right upper extremity, right thorax, and right side of head and neck at the junction of the right IJ and SC veins.
What is osmosis
Net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
What is osmolALity
Number of osmoles per kilogram of solution
What is OsmolARity
Number of osmoles per liter of solution
Water tends to move from areas of ____ solute concentration to areas of _____ solute concentration
lower solute to HIGHER solute
What is diffusion?
The net movement of a substance (solute) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a FULLY (not semi) permeable membrane. Both water and solute can pass through.
Solute moves down its concentration gradient.
What is Osmotic Pressure?
The pressure of a solution against a semipermeable membrane prevents water from diffusing across that membrane.
It is a COLLIGATIVE property. This means it is a function of the number of osmotically active particles in the solution, NOT a function of their molecular weights.
What is normal plasma osmolarity?
280-290 mOsm/L
What is the formula for plasma osmolarity?
Plasma Osmo = (Na x 2) + (Glucose/18) + (BUN/28)