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Foundations of Anesthesia 1 > Airway Anatomy > Flashcards

Airway Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Laryngeal muscles are classified as ______ or _______

A

intrinsic or extrinsic

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2
Q

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles participate in?

A

Phonation and control of the vocal cords (tensions and position)

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3
Q

Extrinsic Laryngeal muscles participate in?

A

Support the larynx inside the neck and assist with swallowing

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4
Q

True or False: The true vocal cords are ligaments and are, therefore, not innervated.

A

True

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5
Q

What do the true vocal cords attach to?

A

Attach to the thyroid cartilage anteriorly and the arytenoids posteriorly.

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6
Q

What muscles adjust the length or tension of the vocal ligaments? Either tense and relax.

A

Cricothyroid = elongates (tenses)
Vocalis = shortens (relaxes)
Thyroarytenoid = shortens (relaxes)

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7
Q

Function and Innvervation of the Cricothyroid Muscle

A

Intrinsic Laryngeal muscle. Elongates (tenses) vocal cords. [Does have an extrinsic function. During swallowing, pulls anterior region of cricoid cartilage down]

Innervated by External Superior Laryngeal Nerve

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8
Q

Function and Innvervation of the Vocalis Muscle

A

Intrinsic Laryngeal muscle. Shortens (relaxes) vocal cords.

Innervated by the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

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9
Q

Function and Innvervation of the Thyroarytenoid Muscle

A

Intrinsic Laryngeal muscle.

Shortens (relaxes) vocal cords.
Adducts vocal folds (closes glottis)

Innervated by the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

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10
Q

All intrinsic laryngeal muscles are innervated by _________ except ________ muscles

A

all innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve except the cricothyroid muscles

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11
Q

What intrinsic laryngeal muscles adduct or abduct the vocal folds (glottic diameter)

A

Thyroartytenoid
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Posterior cricoarytenoid

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12
Q

Function and Innvervation of the Lateral Cricoarytenoid

A

ADDucts the vocal folds (narrows glottis)

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

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13
Q

Function and Innvervation of the Posterior Cricoarytenoid

A

ABducts the vocal folds (widens glottis)

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

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14
Q

Function and Innvervation of the Aryepiglottic muscle

A

Closes laryngeal vestibule

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

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15
Q

Function and Innvervation of the Interarytenoid muscle

A

Closes posterior commissure of glottis

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

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16
Q

Name the extrinsic laryngeal muscles the depress the larynx

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid

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17
Q

Name the extrinsic laryngeal muscles the elevate the larynx

A

Digastric (ant and posterior belly)
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Thyrohyoid

18
Q

What 3 cranial nerves innervate the upper airway?

A

Trigeminal - CN 5
-V1: opthalamic, V2: maxillary, and V3: mandibular
Glossopharyngeal CN 9
Vagus CN 10

19
Q

V3: The mandibular branch of the trigeminal provides motor innervation to?

A

Muscles of mastication

20
Q

What cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the tongue?

A

CN 12 - Hypoglossal

21
Q

CN 9 - Glossopharyngeal relays sensation information from what areas in the upper airway?

A

Soft Palate
Oropharynx
Tonsils
Posterior 1/3 of Tongue
Vallecula
Anterior side of epiglottis
Afferent limb of gag reflex

22
Q

If the patient gags during intubation, what nerve sensed that stimulation

A

Glossopharyngeal CN 9

23
Q

The Glossopharyngeal CN 9 participates in what two motor functions

A

Participates in swallowing and phonation

24
Q

Trigeminal V1: Ophthalmic nerve has what sensory function

A

Nares and Anterior 1/3 of nasal septum

25
Q

Trigeminal V2: Maxillary (sphenopalatine) nerve has what sensory function

A

Turbinates and septum

26
Q

Trigeminal V2: Mandibular nerve has what sensory function? What motor function?

A

Sensation: Anterior 2/3 of tongue
Motor: Mastication

27
Q

The Vagus Nerve - CN 10, divides into what branches.

A

Superior Laryngeal Nerve
-internal
-external

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

28
Q

What are the sensory and motor functions of the Internal branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve

A

Motor: NO MOTOR

Sensory: Posterior side of epiglottis to the level of the vocal cords

29
Q

What are the sensory and motor functions of the External branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve

A

Motor: Cricothyroid muscles (tense vocal cords)

Sensory: No Sensory

30
Q

What are the Sensory and Motor functions of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve?

A

Motor: ALL intrinsic laryngeal muscles Except Cricothyroids

Sensory: Below the level of vocal cords to the trachea

31
Q

At the level of the ______, the Superior Laryngeal Nerve branches into the internal and external.

A

Hyoid

32
Q

The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve penetrates what membrane?

A

Thyrohyoid Membrane

33
Q

The External Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve innervates?

A

Cricothyroid Muscle

34
Q

Where do the recurrent laryngeal nerves branch off the vagus nerve?

A

Inside the thorax

35
Q

The Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve loops under what structure to reach the larynx

A

Loops under the right subclavian artery

36
Q

The Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve loops under what structure to reach the larynx

A

Loops under the aortic arch

37
Q

Which recurrent laryngeal nerve is more susceptible to injury? Why?

A

Due to its position under the aortic arch, the left RLN is more likely to be injured

38
Q

Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury can be caused by?

A

External pressure from ETT / LMA
Surgery: thyroid/parathyroid
Neck stretching
Neck tumor

39
Q

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve injury can be caused by?

A

PDA ligation
Left Atrial Enlargement (mitral stenosis)
Aortic Arch dissection
Thoracic tumor

40
Q

The trachea is approximately how long in adults?

A

~10-20 cm

41
Q
A

Foundations of Anesthesia 1 (24 decks)

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