Consciousness Anesthesia Flashcards
What brain centers regulate the sleep-wake cycle (and therefore arousal states)
Brainstem and Hypothalamic Nuclei
Role of Locus Ceruleus
Syn thesizes Norepi. Activity is highest during waking consciousness.
What area is the brain sources of Acetylcholine?
Laterodorsal/pedunculopontine tegmentum
Cortical Arousal / GABA center is which area of the brain
Pontine Reticular Formation
Ventral Tegmental Area is responsible for?
Dopaminergic transmission mediating arousal during anesthesia
Hypothalamus/Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus is responsible for?
Sleep-Wake regulation transmits GABA and galanin
General anesthesia with volatile agents and propofol have what sort of effect on thalamus
Metabolic depression of the thalamus and disruption of thalamocortical connectivity
Consciousness is characterized by?
Wakefulness and Awareness
4 Stages of Anesthesia
Amnesia (Analgesia)
Delerium (Excitement)
Surgical Anesthesia
Overdose (Imminent Death)
What are some physiological responses during Stage 1 of anesthesia
Normal Respirations
Voluntary control of ocular movement
Normal pupil size
Normal eye reflexs, muscle toin, and nraml response to skin inscision
What are some physiologic responses when in stage 2 anesthesia (Delerium/excitement)
Increased / Irregular Respirations
Divergent gaze
Tense muscle tone
Dilated pupils
exaggerated response to noxious stimuli
What are some physiological responses during Stage 3 of anesthesia
Central gaze, constricted pupils, regular respiration, no somatic or autonomic responses to noxious stimuli
What are some physiological responses during Stage 4 of anesthesia
Apnea
Flaccid Muscle Tone
Dilated Fixed Pupils return
Marked hypotension
