Fluids and Electrolytes Part 3 Flashcards
Signs/ symptoms of checking hypocalcemia include: (7)
- mental status changes
- tetany
- laryngospasm
- hypotension
- dysrrhythmias
- Chvostek’s sign
- Trousseau’s sign
Tetany is due to hyperexcitable neurons caused by hypocalcemia.
Carpopedal spasm can be elicited by doing what?
This test is known as what?
inflating a BP cuff and maintaining the pressure above SBP
Trousseau’s sign
Chvostek’s sign involves which nerve? How do you test and what does the test elicit?
facial
tapping on the nerve anterior to the earlobe
twitching of the lip cause it to spasm at the corners of the mouth and indicates hypocalcemia
What electrolyte disorder is due to:
- hyperparathyroidism
- excessive vit D
- renal failure
- paraneoplastic disorder (cancer)
EKG changes?
Hypercalcemia
Man on a big round hill.
Symptoms are due to what electrolyte imbalance? Abdominal pain or discomfort
Bone pain and fractures
Decreased appetite
Difficulty concentrating
Excessive thirst
Excessive urination
Fatigue
Low back pain
Malaise or lethargy
Muscle twitching or weakness
Nausea and vomiting
Depression
hypercalcemia
What is the treatment for hypercalcemia disorders? (5)
- parathyroidectomy
- diuretics
- fluid replacement
- dialysis
- calcitonin type medications
What electrolyte is this?
- Essential for production/function of ATP
- Essential for DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis.
- Regulates calcium access into the cell and the actions of calcium in the cell.
- Natural physiological calcium antagonist
Magnesium
________ is a membrane stabilizer useful in the treatment of arrhythmias.
Magnesium
Many times hypokalemia can not be fully corrected by administration of K + alone .
Magnesium is required for adequate processing of K+, and if the patient’s magnesium is low, they will have refractory ________.
hypokalemia
_________ stabilizes and slows everything down, while __________ speeds everything up!
Magnesium
Calcium
These patients are at risk for what imbalance?
Critical care patients, athletes, high metabolic states (pregnancy), diuretics/prolonged diarrhea, chronic alcoholics.
Hypomagnesemia
Hypomagnesemia <___ mEq/L
1.5
What is given?
- Torsades de pointes . Note: It does not shorten the QT interval significantly but still effective in torsades. It is THE treatment
- Any refractory VT especially , post MI.
magnesium
IV Mag has 100% ____ elimination.
Magnesium also potentiates the NMB, as well as anesthetics, opioids, and hypnotics. AVOID in patients with___ ____!!!!
renal
heart block
Hypermagnesemia >____ mEq/L
2.5