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AP II Test 1 > Blood Component Therapy > Flashcards

Blood Component Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Type A blood type has type ___ antigens on the cell.

Type B blood has type __ antigens on the cell.

Type AB blood has type __ antigens on the cell.

Type O blood has type __ antigens on the cell.

A

A

B

AB

No antigens on the RBC

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2
Q

Type A blood has __ ANTIBODIES in the serum.

Type B blood has __ ANTIBODIES in the serum.

Type AB blood has __ ANTIBODIES in the serum.

Type O blood has __ ANTIBODIES in the serum.

A

B

A

None

Anti-A and Anti-B

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3
Q

Coagulation is a ___-based process. which occurs on the surface of:

  • _______ cells,
  • ________ cells,
  • ________
A

cell-based

endothelial

subendothelial

platelets

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4
Q

Intrinsic pathways contain coagulation factors: (4)

A
  • 8
  • 9
  • 11
  • 12
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5
Q

Extrinsic pathways contain coagulation factors: (2)

A

3

7

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6
Q

Common coagulation, both intrinsic and extrinsic factors merge after the formation of activated factor ___.

A

10

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7
Q

Tests to evaluate coagulation: (5)

PAPPI

A
  • Platelet Count
  • ACT
  • PTT
  • PT
  • INR
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8
Q

Platelet count is actual number of platelets, also known as __________, per cubic ___ of blood

A

thrombocytes

micro L

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9
Q

Normal adult/elderly/children count is: ____ to ____

A

150k - 400k /mm3 (or cubic micro L)

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10
Q

Platelet count for infants and newborns may be less. True or false?

A

true

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11
Q

Thrombocytopenia < ______/mm3

A

100k

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12
Q

Thrombocytosis > _____/mm3

A

400k

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13
Q

What measures the amount of time required for whole blood to clot in a test tube?

A

ACT or activated clotting time

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14
Q

_____ test is used to monitor heparin therapy in the OR.

Normal time: ____ - ____ seconds

A

ACT

70-180

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15
Q

Heparin has quicker onset and is more readily useable. True or false.

A

true

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16
Q

ACT value that is sufficient for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is > _____ seconds

A

400

17
Q

_____ measures factors 8, 9, 11, and12 which are intrinsic factors.

However, the following common pathway factors must also be present. (4)

A

PTT, or partial thromboplastin time

1, 2, 5, 10

18
Q

Normal PTT time: ___ -____ seconds which can vary with reagent.

PTT can also be used to monitor heparin therapy.

  • Value must be ___ to ___ times the control value in seconds.
A

25 - 38 seconds

1.5 to 2.5

19
Q

PT, or _______ measures factors:

extrinsic: (1)
common: (4)

A

prothrombin time

7 (extrinsic)

1, 2, 5, 10 (common)

20
Q

Low levels of the following will prolong PT: (5)

A
  • 5
  • 7
  • 10
  • prothrombin
  • fibrinogen
21
Q

Prolonged PT: ___ - ___ times the control value in seconds.

Note: People with liver pathologies will have both PT and PTT ordered since liver forms coagulation factors.

A

1.5 - 2

22
Q

KNOW

Factor ___ deficiency is the ONLY cause of a prolonged PT with a normal PTT!

A

7

23
Q

PT measures warfarin therapy and is harder to reverse. True or false?

A

true

24
Q

Since PT test varies in sensitivity among laboratories,
_____ ____ ____was developed to standardize PT values to better monitor oral anticoagulation therapy.

A

International normalized ratio (INR)

25
Q

Therapeutic warfarin dosing occurs when INR is ___ - ____.

A

2.0 - 3.0

26
Q

Before you can transfuse you perform compatibility tests:

Recipient’s blood has been typed for A, B, and Rh antigens and screened for common antibodies is called what?

A

type and screen

27
Q

Blood compatibility

Occurs if surgical procedure is unlikely to require transfusion of blood, but blood should be available. Valid for____ hrs

A

Type and screen

72

28
Q

Immediate spin crossmatch takes 5-10 min, then AHG [antihuman globulin] crossmatch takes ___ min

PART 1: Recipient’s _____is incubated with the donor ____ (MAJOR)
PART 2: Recipient’s ______ are incubated with the donor ______ (MINOR)

A

45

plasma, RBCs

RBCs, plasma

29
Q

IN AN EMERGENCY

If transfusion is required before compatibility testing is complete,

FIRST CHOICE is _____-_____, _____cross-matched blood and takes less than 5 minutes.

SECOND CHOICE is _____-_____, _____cross-matched blood

THIRD CHOICE is ________ PRBCs

A

TYPE-SPECIFIC, PARTIALLY

TYPE SPECIFIC, NOT crossmatched

O - negative

30
Q

For patients who are screened as negative for RBC alloantibodies and who have no history of such antibodies, only an immediate-spin crossmatch (IS-XM) need be performed to verify ABO compatibility. True or false?

A

true

31
Q

_______ are found on the surface of red blood cells.

The _____ portion of blood (including platelets, cryoprecipitate, and fresh frozen plasma) contains ______ that will react adversely with incompatible antigens.

A

Antigens

**serum **

antibodies

32
Q

What type of PBRCs can be transfused to anyone (what is the universal donor)?

A

Type O packed red blood cells

33
Q

Why can Type O RBCs be given to a patient of any blood type?

A

Because they contain neither A or B antigens

34
Q

Type AB PRBCs can only be given to Type ___ recipients, because they contain BOTH A and B antigens.

A

AB

35
Q

Blood Type A can receive what PRBCs?

Blood Type B can receive what PRBCs?

Blood Type AB can receive what PRBCs?

Blood Type O can receive what PRBCs?

A

A, O

B, O

A, B, AB, O

O

36
Q

What is the universal donor of platelets, FFP, and cryoprecipiate?

A

Type AB

Type AB platelets, cryo, or FFP can be given to a patient of any blood type because they contain NO antibodies

37
Q

Type O platelets, cryo, or FFP can ONLY be safely transfused to a Type__ recipient because:

A

O

type O contains both A and B antibodies

38
Q

When do you transfuse? (4)

A
  • extensive blood loss
  • inadequate perfusion–urine output!
  • low Hb
  • poor coagulation
39
Q

Before you transfuse blood you must perform a compatibility test:

Recipient’s blood is incubated with the donor blood product is called what?

A

Type and cross-match

AP II Test 1 (12 decks)

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