Blood Component Therapy Flashcards
Type A blood type has type ___ antigens on the cell.
Type B blood has type __ antigens on the cell.
Type AB blood has type __ antigens on the cell.
Type O blood has type __ antigens on the cell.
A
B
AB
No antigens on the RBC
Type A blood has __ ANTIBODIES in the serum.
Type B blood has __ ANTIBODIES in the serum.
Type AB blood has __ ANTIBODIES in the serum.
Type O blood has __ ANTIBODIES in the serum.
B
A
None
Anti-A and Anti-B
Coagulation is a ___-based process. which occurs on the surface of:
- _______ cells,
- ________ cells,
- ________
cell-based
endothelial
subendothelial
platelets
Intrinsic pathways contain coagulation factors: (4)
- 8
- 9
- 11
- 12
Extrinsic pathways contain coagulation factors: (2)
3
7
Common coagulation, both intrinsic and extrinsic factors merge after the formation of activated factor ___.
10
Tests to evaluate coagulation: (5)
PAPPI
- Platelet Count
- ACT
- PTT
- PT
- INR
Platelet count is actual number of platelets, also known as __________, per cubic ___ of blood
thrombocytes
micro L
Normal adult/elderly/children count is: ____ to ____
150k - 400k /mm3 (or cubic micro L)
Platelet count for infants and newborns may be less. True or false?
true
Thrombocytopenia < ______/mm3
100k
Thrombocytosis > _____/mm3
400k
What measures the amount of time required for whole blood to clot in a test tube?
ACT or activated clotting time
_____ test is used to monitor heparin therapy in the OR.
Normal time: ____ - ____ seconds
ACT
70-180
Heparin has quicker onset and is more readily useable. True or false.
true
ACT value that is sufficient for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is > _____ seconds
400
_____ measures factors 8, 9, 11, and12 which are intrinsic factors.
However, the following common pathway factors must also be present. (4)
PTT, or partial thromboplastin time
1, 2, 5, 10
Normal PTT time: ___ -____ seconds which can vary with reagent.
PTT can also be used to monitor heparin therapy.
- Value must be ___ to ___ times the control value in seconds.
25 - 38 seconds
1.5 to 2.5
PT, or _______ measures factors:
extrinsic: (1)
common: (4)
prothrombin time
7 (extrinsic)
1, 2, 5, 10 (common)
Low levels of the following will prolong PT: (5)
- 5
- 7
- 10
- prothrombin
- fibrinogen
Prolonged PT: ___ - ___ times the control value in seconds.
Note: People with liver pathologies will have both PT and PTT ordered since liver forms coagulation factors.
1.5 - 2
KNOW
Factor ___ deficiency is the ONLY cause of a prolonged PT with a normal PTT!
7
PT measures warfarin therapy and is harder to reverse. True or false?
true
Since PT test varies in sensitivity among laboratories,
_____ ____ ____was developed to standardize PT values to better monitor oral anticoagulation therapy.
International normalized ratio (INR)
Therapeutic warfarin dosing occurs when INR is ___ - ____.
2.0 - 3.0
Before you can transfuse you perform compatibility tests:
Recipient’s blood has been typed for A, B, and Rh antigens and screened for common antibodies is called what?
type and screen
Blood compatibility
Occurs if surgical procedure is unlikely to require transfusion of blood, but blood should be available. Valid for____ hrs
Type and screen
72
Immediate spin crossmatch takes 5-10 min, then AHG [antihuman globulin] crossmatch takes ___ min
PART 1: Recipient’s _____is incubated with the donor ____ (MAJOR)
PART 2: Recipient’s ______ are incubated with the donor ______ (MINOR)
45
plasma, RBCs
RBCs, plasma
IN AN EMERGENCY
If transfusion is required before compatibility testing is complete,
FIRST CHOICE is _____-_____, _____cross-matched blood and takes less than 5 minutes.
SECOND CHOICE is _____-_____, _____cross-matched blood
THIRD CHOICE is ________ PRBCs
TYPE-SPECIFIC, PARTIALLY
TYPE SPECIFIC, NOT crossmatched
O - negative
For patients who are screened as negative for RBC alloantibodies and who have no history of such antibodies, only an immediate-spin crossmatch (IS-XM) need be performed to verify ABO compatibility. True or false?
true
_______ are found on the surface of red blood cells.
The _____ portion of blood (including platelets, cryoprecipitate, and fresh frozen plasma) contains ______ that will react adversely with incompatible antigens.
Antigens
**serum **
antibodies
What type of PBRCs can be transfused to anyone (what is the universal donor)?
Type O packed red blood cells
Why can Type O RBCs be given to a patient of any blood type?
Because they contain neither A or B antigens
Type AB PRBCs can only be given to Type ___ recipients, because they contain BOTH A and B antigens.
AB
Blood Type A can receive what PRBCs?
Blood Type B can receive what PRBCs?
Blood Type AB can receive what PRBCs?
Blood Type O can receive what PRBCs?
A, O
B, O
A, B, AB, O
O
What is the universal donor of platelets, FFP, and cryoprecipiate?
Type AB
Type AB platelets, cryo, or FFP can be given to a patient of any blood type because they contain NO antibodies
Type O platelets, cryo, or FFP can ONLY be safely transfused to a Type__ recipient because:
O
type O contains both A and B antibodies
When do you transfuse? (4)
- extensive blood loss
- inadequate perfusion–urine output!
- low Hb
- poor coagulation
Before you transfuse blood you must perform a compatibility test:
Recipient’s blood is incubated with the donor blood product is called what?
Type and cross-match
