Endocrine Diseases Flashcards
What hormones are released in the anterior pituitary gland?
(6)
FLAT PG
- Follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Lutenizing hormone (LH)
- Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Prolactin
- Growth hormone (GH)
What hormones are released in the posterior pituitary? (2)
Anitdiuretic hormone (ADH) Oxytocin
What does thyroid-stimulating hormone promote?
growth and metabolism
What are the hormones of the thyroid? (2)
thyroxine T4
triiodothyronine T3
What is a result of excessive secretion of T3 and/or T4?
hyperthyroidism
What can cause hyperthyroidism? (4)
Graves disease
TSH-secreting pituitary tumors
iatrogenic
thyroiditis
What are they symptoms of hyperthyroidism? (4)
WAFA
weight loss
fatigue
arrhythmias
anxiety
What is the treatment for hyperthyroidism? (3)
ABS
antithyroids
beta antagonists
surgical
What do we need to be careful of for hyperthyroid patients? (3)
TAPE EYES WELL
Versed for anxiety
Do NOT give drugs that result in sympathetic discharge(phenylephrine, ketamine)
Does hyperthyroidism increase the MAC of drugs?
No
What are risks intraoperatively for thyroidectomies? (2)
Accidentally cutting 1 is OK, but if both recurrent laryngeal nerves are cut, it results in re-intubation.
Also, accidentally cutting into parathyroid can result in hypocalcemia–> longer QT interval
What is a life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism that may be caused by trauma, infection, surgery, or medical illness?
Thyroid Storm, or thyrotoxic crisis
When does the thyrotoxic crisis usually occur?
Most often appears in post-op period, esp. if surgery was emergent.
What are the symptoms of a thyroid storm? (4)
FACT
anxiety
fever
tachycardia
cardiovascular instability
What is the treatment for a thyroid storm?
give high blood pressure and thyroid meds
If you have high TSH levels and low T3, T4 levels, what condition do you have?
hypothyroidism
What is the most common type of hypothyroidism?
autoimmune–Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
then, iatrogenic
What are the symptoms or hypothyroidism? (4)
lethargy
weight gain
cold intolerance
hypoactive reflexes
What are perioperative considerations for hypothyroidism? (3)
DECREASED CLEARANCE OF ANESTHESIA
decreased gastric emptying
hypotension
What medication is typically prescribed to hypothyroidism?
Synthroid, PO T4
What is the major complication caused by hypothyroidism? What are the symptoms and causes?
myxedema coma
SEVERE HYPOTHERMIA, loss of DTRs
Mostly elderly patients forgetting to take meds
What condition causes a stimulated calcium circulation in the blood?
It also causes a compensatory increase in PTH due to _______.
hyperparathyroidism, usually benign
hypocalcemia
Parathyroid hormone does 2 things:
increases calcium
decreases phosphate
What are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism? (4)
renal stones from hypercalcemia
HTN
constipation
fatigue
What is the treatment for hyperparathyroidism? (3)
diuretics
fluid loading
parathyroidectomy
What are perioperative considerations for hyperparathyroidism?
Need more NMB because of decreased response due to hypercalcemia!
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone responsible for creating what?
adrenalin in the adrenal cortex
