Endocrine Diseases Part 2 Flashcards
What are symptoms of hypoparathyroidism? (2)
muscle and abdominal cramping
paresthesia
What is the treatment and perioperative treatment for hypoparathyroidism?
give calcium
caution of low Ca when giving blood products
What condition results in hypoplasia/aplasia of parathyroid and thymus?
DiGeorge Syndrome (congenital thymic hypoplasia)
What is the thymus gland responsible for?
immunity
What are perioperative considerations for pts with DiGeorge Syndrome?
micrognathia–airway issues
Adrenal cortex is responsible for producing what? (2)
glucocorticoids (cortisol)
minerocorticoids (aldosterone)
Adrenal medulla is responsible for producing what?
catecholamines: EPI, NOREPI, Dopamine
KNOW
Glucocorticoids ____ blood sugar levels.
increase
KNOW
Aldosterone (ADH) does what 2 things?
increase water retention
secrete potassium
What condition results from excessive cortisol?
Cushing’s Syndrome
What are the symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome? (4)
obesity
hypertension
muscle wasting and weakness
glucose intolerance
What condition is caused from abnormal ACT (adrenocorticotrophic) hormone?
Cushing’s syndrome
What is the treatment for Cushing’s Syndrome?
transsphenoidal resection (if microadenoma is the cause)
What conditions do Cushing’s Syndrome patients have? (2)
tend to be volume overloaded
hypokalemic (cortisol acts like aldosterone)
What condition is caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone?
Conn’s Syndrome
What are the symptoms of Conn Syndrome?(5)
HHHMM
headache
muscle cramps
metabolic alkalosis
HTN
hypokalemia
Conn Syndrome is _______.
hyperaldosteronism
Pathophysiology includes:
congenital deficiency of aldosterone synthase, hyporeninemia, unilateral adrenalectomy
hypoaldosteronism
What is Addison’s Disease? (2 points)
Adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones
Decreased cortisol and aldosterone
What are the symptoms of Addison’s Disease? (5)
HHHHe was very tired…
hypotension
hyponatremia
hypovolemia
hyperkalemia
fatigue
Steroids like prednisone and decadron will increase the production of ACTH. True or false?
false
decrease
What is the treatment for Addison’s Disease?
Give steroids
What are perioperative considerations of ACTH deficient patients? (2)
Give anxiety meds because stress brings out symptoms!
DO NOT give etomidate because it suppresses adrenal gland even more.
What are the symptoms of hypoaldosteronism? (2)
hyperkalemia without renal insufficiency
hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
What condition results from a catecholamine-secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla?
Pheochromocytoma
What are the symptoms of pheochromocytoma? (4)
sudden onset of malignant hypertension
cardiac dysrhythmias
headache
perspiration
What medication do you give for hypoaldosteronism?
fludrocortisone
What are perioperative considerations for pheochromocytoma? (3)
place patient on alpha-blockers before surgery
premedicate A LOT with versed, fentanyl
hemodynamic instability will be an issue
What condition is due to excessive growth hormone?
acromegaly
What are perioperative considerations for acromegaly pts?
airway management due to large mandible, large tongue, and small trachea
