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Physics > Fluid Mechanics > Flashcards

Fluid Mechanics Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

Science of fluid at rest is called

A

Fluid statics

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2
Q

Fluid pressure

A

F/ change in area

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3
Q

1 atm=

A

1.013 x 1^5 Pa

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4
Q

1 Torricelli’s (torr) =

A

133 Pa

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5
Q

Relative density

A

Is the ratio of density of a substance to the density of water at 4 C

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6
Q

Pressure due to fluid column

A

h x density x g

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7
Q

Gauge pressure =

A

Real pressure - atmospheric pressure

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8
Q

Pascal’s Law

A

States that on changing the fluid pressure at any point the change is transmitted to the entire liquid without being diminished in magnitude

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9
Q

Applications of pascals law

A

Hydraulic machines like hydraulic brakes,lift,etc.

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10
Q

Archimede’s Principle

A

States that the loss in weight of a submerged body is equal to the weight of liquid displaced by it

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11
Q

Mathematical form of Archimedes principle

A

V• =

V x [1 - (density of body /density of liquid)]

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12
Q

Laws of floatation

A

States that if:
1] density of body > density of liquid –> it’ll sink

2]density of body = density of liquid–>
It’ll float fully submerged..I.e..just below the liquid surface

3]density of body
It’ll float partially submerged such that

V x density of body = Vim x density of liquid

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13
Q

Continuity equation

A

Av = constant

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14
Q

Pressure energy =

A

pAl

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15
Q

Pressure energy per unit volume =

A

p

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16
Q

Kinetic energy=

A

(1/2) x m x v^2

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17
Q

Kinetic energy per unit volume =

A

(1/2) x density x v^2

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18
Q

Potential energy=

A

mgh

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19
Q

Potential energy per unit volume =

A

h x density x g

20
Q

Bernoulli’s Theorem

A

States that for a streamlined motion of an ideal fluid the total energy is always constant throughout

21
Q

Applications of Bernoulli’s Theorem

A 
1] carburettor 
2] paint gun
3]scent sprayer and atomiser
4] Magnus effect
5] Aerofoil
6] Bunsen burner, gas burner, oil stove actions
7] Torricelli's Theorem
8] venturimeter 
9] pitot tube
22
Q

Limitations of Bernoulli’s Theorem

A

1] it’s applicable only to streamlined motion and not steady or turbulent flow since in these cases the velocity and pressure fluctuates with time

2] it’s applicable only to ideal fluids

3] at rest the Bernoulli’s Theorem changes to
(p-p’) = (h’-h) x density x g

23
Q

Torricelli’s law

A

States that efflux of water is same as that of a freely falling body under gravity

24
Q

Mathematical form of Torricelli’s Law

A

v = (2gh) ^1/2

25
Q

Volume of liquid coming out of an orfice

A

A x (2gh)^1/2

26
Q

Time period of liquid coming out of an orfice

A

T = (14||/15) x (R^5/2)/a(2g)^1/2

27
Q

Surface tension =

A

F/L

28
Q

Consequence of surface tension

A

Is that pressure inside a soap bubble is greater than the atmospheric pressure outside

29
Q

Excess pressure for a liquid/air drop

A

p = 2T/R

30
Q

Excess pressure for a soap bubble

A

p = 4T/R

31
Q

Increase in surface energy =

A

T x change in area

32
Q

Relation between angle of constant and temperature

A

Angle of contact increases with increase in temperature

33
Q

Relation between angle of contact and impurities

A

Angle of contact decrease with increase in impurities

34
Q

Rise in capillary tube =

A

h = 2T/ ( r x density x g)

35
Q

Rise in capillary if the tube is tilted by an angle @

A

l = h/cos@

where h is the rise in capillary when the tube is vertical

36
Q

For insufficient height of tube

A

hR = h’R’

37
Q

After connection of capillary tube

A

h = 2T /(r x density x g) - r/3

38
Q

While flowing in a tube the velocity of liquid is

A

Maximum along tube’s axis

0 at tube’s walls

39
Q

What kind of flow do liquids have and why?

A

Laminar flow due to viscosity

40
Q

Poiseuille’s Formula

A

Vplume of liquid flowing per second =

(|| x density x R^4) / 8 n L

Where n-coefficient of viscosity

41
Q

Stokes Law

A

Force of viscosity =

6 || n r v

Where
n - coefficient of viscosity
v - terminal velocity

42
Q

Terminal velocity=

A

v = (2/9) x [r^2 x (density of body - density of liquid) x g] / n

Where n- coefficient of viscosity

43
Q

Reynolds Number(Re)

A

It tells us about the nature of flow of fluid

44
Q

Assumptions based on values of Reynolds number

A

Value. Flow
Re3000. Turbulent

2000

45
Q

What will happen to pressure in the absence of intermolecular forces

A

Pressure will increase

46
Q

Work =

A

T x change in area

Physics (49 decks)

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