Fluid Flashcards
What are the 3 processes that control fluid and electrolyte balance?
- Filtration
- Diffusion
- Osmosis
Diffusion? 4
- Passive movement of solute
- Movement of particle
- From high to low
- Solute across a permeable membrane
Osmosis? 5
-Passive transport
-From higher to lower
-Movement of water
-Water across a semi-permeable membrane
-The water is seeking an equal concentration.
(An unequal concentration of a solute and the membrane)
What is the best explanation of osmolarity?
A measure of the concentration of particles in plasma or urine
What is the goal of hydrostatic pressure in the body?
To have the body reach equilibrium
-The human body constantly seeks equilibrium, or homeostasis, across a permeable membrane.
To have the body reach equilibrium
-The human body constantly seeks equilibrium, or homeostasis, across a permeable membrane.
Solute?
- A substance that is dissolved in a solvent
- Can be measured in the body
-Plasma proteins and ion distributions are the solutes in the body
Hypertonic Solutions?
- Tend to pull water from the isosmotic fluid space
- Cell to shrink.
Hypotonic Solutions?
Fluids with osmolarities of less than 270 mOsm/L are hypo-osmotic
- cell swelling
- Can cause the cell to burst or lyses
What is the effect of a hypertonic fluid?
To pull water from the isosmotic fluid space into the hyperosmotic fluid space
What mechanism regulates fluid intake in the body?
Thirst
-When plasma osmolarity increases or the blood volume decreases
What factors are causes of the formation of edema in the body?
-increased permeability
-Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
-Loss of plasma proteins (albumin)
allows for fluid to leave the plasma and go into the tissues
What hormone is released from the adrenal cortex to tell the kidneys to retain water in the body?
Aldosterone hormone
Aldosterone increases sodium (NA+) reabsorption by the kidney tubules.
Because water follows NA+, water reabsorption into the blood also increases.
Solvent?
–Water portion of body fluids
Homeostasis?
Maintain stable conditions necessary for survival
Hydrostatic pressure?
The pressure that any fluid in a confined space exerts
- exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels
- Push
Oncotic pressure?
- Form of osmotic pressure exerted
- Induced by the proteins(albumin)
- Pull fluid back into the capillary
a) Intracellular fluid?
b) Extracellular fluid?
a) The fluid contained within cells
b) The body fluid that is not contained in cells
What is in extracellular fluid? 3
- *Interstitial fluid** (the space between cells, outside the vessels)
- *Intravascular fluid** (blood plasma)
- *Transcellular fluid** (Lymph, synovial, intestinal, CSF, sweat, urine, pleural, peritoneal, pericardial, and intraocular fluids)
Water Balance changes in age.
What we should keep in mind with an old obese pt?
Cell and body decrease storage as along the age.
- *Muscle contains more water**
- *Fat contains less water**
So, an old obese pt, tends to dehydration much quicker!
Fluid intake and output.
What are the main sources?
a) Intake
Beverage we drink(about 1500ml/60%)
b) Output
Urine (about 1500ml/60%)
How are body fluids distributed in the body?
Total body water (TBW)(**60%** of body weight) Intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment (**40%** of TBW) Extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment: (**20%** of TBW)
Characteristic Fluid Movement/Capillary Level
- Combination of hydrostatic and osmotic pressure
1) Pushed out because the hydrostatic pressure
2) hydrostatic pressure decreases towards the venule end of the capillary
Net Filtration Pressure (NFP)?
The total pressure that promotes filtration
NFP = HPgc- (OPgc + HPcs)
What is the DVT?
Deep vein thrombosis
A blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs
Serious because blood clots can loosen and lodge in the lungs
