Flight Rules and Regulations- Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is controlled airspace?
Controlled airspace is the airspace that the respective ATC has both the AUTHORITY and ABILITY to control
What are VOR airways?
what type of airspace?
how big are they?
VOR Airways are routes of air traffic between airports (standardized routes of air traffic) Always in class E airspace
extend from 1,200’ AGL upto 17,999’ MSL.
the width of VOR is always 4 nm from the center line
When is a mode C transponder required ?
Mode C is a transponder which
Class A Airspace
dimensions
requirements
Class A
18,000’ up to and including FL 600
overlying the continental US- including 12 nautical miles off the coast.
Requirements: all aircraft must operate under IFR (both pilot and aircraft must be instrument certified) and have a transponder with Mode C, prior permission in the form of an IFR clearance must be received from ATC
Class B airspace
dimensions
Class B (Busy)
airspace from the surface to 10,000’ MSL surrounding the nation’s busiest airports. they can change in size and shape but generally look like an upside down wedding cake
Class C Airspace
dimensions
Class C Airspace
surface to 4,000’ AGL surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower
usually a 5 nm radius core surface that extends from the surface upto 4,000 AGL and a 10nm shelf that extends from 1,200’ to 4,000’ AGL
Class D Airspace
dimensions
Class D (“Dower”)
the airspace that extends from the surface to 2,500’ AGL surrounding airports with an operational control tower.
have a core radius of 4nm with extensions as necessary for instrument approaches
Class E Airspace
dimensions
requirements
Class E Airspace: Everything else (controlled airspace that isn’t already designated A,B,C, or D)
Unless otherwise designated, class E airspace begins at 14,500’ MSL (excluding spaces <1,500’AGL)
Think of this in mountainous terrain.
Its the wild wild west in class E airspace. You don’t need any specific certifications, equipment to arrive in class E air space. Hell, you don’t really even need to tell ‘em you’re coming.
“its controlled airspace, but you must volunteer for control”
Class B Airspace
requirements for entry
Class B airspace
- pilot must have a private pilot certificate
- for IFR operations must have an operable VOR or TACAN receiver
- transponder with Mode C
- ATC Clearance, and establish two-way radio communications with ATC Prior to entry and maintain those communications thereafter.
Class C Airspace
Requirements for entry
Class C requirements for entry
- operable transponder with Mode C
- Establish two-way radio communications with ATC prior to entry and maintain those communications thereafter
Class D Airspace
requirements
Two-way radio communication with the ATC facility providing ATC services must be established before the aircraft enters and must be maintained while operating within class D space
Class G Airspace
Uncontrolled
When Is Mode C Required for flights near Class B airspace?
Mode C is required while operating within
within 30 nm of a primary airport
of the space above a primary airport up to 10,000’
When Is Mode C Required for flights near Class C airspace?
For flights near Class C airspace, Mode C is required
Abov the ceiling and lateral boundaries upto 10,000’ MSL
*Surface to 1.200’ AGL below the outer ring is not included
When is Mode C required for flying?
Mode C is required for flying in all
A, B, or C airspace
and above 10,000’ MSL
VFR Minimums for class B airspace
Visibility
Cloud Clearance
Bravo Airspace
Visibility 3 SM
cloud clearance is “clear of clouds”
VFR Minimum requirements for
Class C,D, and E Airspace
These are all the same
visibility is 3 SM
Cloud Clearance
500’ below
1,000’ above
2,000’ horizontal
VFR minimums for
Class E above 10.000’
VFR minimums at or above 10,000’ MSL:
Visibility 5 SM
Cloud Clearance:
1,000 below
1,000’ above
1 SM horizontal
VFR minimums for
Class E below 10,000’ MSL
Class E below 10,000
Visibility 3 SM
Cloud Clearance
500’ below
1000 above
2,000’ horizontal
*these are the same minimums for class B, C, and D airspaces
SUAS
Prohibited Area
Aircraft shall not enter without special approval
National Security issues
SUAS
Restricted Areas
Restricted Areas
airspace within which unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft exist
requires prior approval from the controlling authority
Warning Area
Warning areas have the same hazards as Restricted Areas but are generally located over international waters beyond FAA jurisdiction
No permission required to enter
Military Operations Area
MOAs are established to separate IFR traffic from certain military training activities
VFR aircraft do not need permission to enter an MOA
Alert Areas
airspace that may contain a high volume of pilot training or an unusual type of aerial activity
Pilots do NOT need permission to enter
