Flight Rules and Regulations- Chapter 2 Flashcards
Describre runway orientation
Runway numbering is based on the magnetic azimuth of the runway centerline from the approach direction
They are numbered by rounding to the nearest 10 degrees and dropping the last digit (01-36)
White Letters on Red Background
Mandatory instructions
Black background
Yellow Letters
Location signs-
identifies the taxiway or runway where you are located
Yellow Background
Black Lettering
direction
“Black on yellow- direct a fellow”
Black Background
White Letters
Distance to end of runway
Tetrahedron
which direction does the spar point?
what color are the lights?
Which way do you land?
Tetrahedron
The Spar points in the direction of landings and take offs
Red lights are on Left, Green Lights are on right, central ridge, and spar
Take Off or land in the direction that the spar is pointing
Wind Cone/Wind Sock
Which way do you land?
When using a wind sock or Wind Cone you want to “fly out of the cone”
Aldis Lamp Signal
Steady Green
Aldis Lamp Signal: Steady green
Cleared to take off
or
Cleared to Land
Aldis Lamp Signal
Flashing Green
Aldis Lamp Signal
Cleard to taxi
Return for landing (this will be followed by steady green at the proper time for landing)
Aldis Lamp Signal:
Steady Red
Aldis Lamp Signal: Steady Red
Stop
Give way to other aircraft and continue circling
Aldis Lamp Signal
Flashing Red
Aldis Lamp Signal: Flashing Red
Taxi clear of runway in use
Airport unsafe DO Not Land
Aldis Lamp Signal: Flashing White
Aldis Lamp Signal: Flashing White
Return to starting point on airport
Aldis Lamp Signal
Alternating red and green
Aldis Lamp Signal: Alternating Red and Green
Exercise extreme caution
VASI system
red/red
red/white
white/white
VASI system
red/red: below guidepath
red/white: on gidepath
white/white: above guidepath
Airport lighting:
PAPI System
the PAPI system is just more detailed than the VASI system. It tells you if you are
too high
slightly high
on guide path
slightly low
too low
Airport lighting:
What color are the runway edge lights?
runway edge lights and the center line are white
Airport lighting:
What color is the touchdown zone?
The touchdown zone consists of two rows of whitle light bars extending aprox 3000’ down the runway
Airport lighting:
What color is the runway center line?
The runway center line is white.
it changes on the last the last 3000’ of runway-
white alternates with red for the next 2000’ and for the last 1000 feet of runway the lights are red only
Airport lighting:
taxiway
taxiways are outlined with blue lights
green lights on the centerline of the runway indicate taxiway turnoff lights
Visual Meteorological Conditions
VMC are the Meteorological conditions (visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling) equal to or better than specified minima
VMC ARE FLIGHT WEATHER CONDITIONS
Define:
Instrument meteorological condition
IMC are meteorological conditions (visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling) less than the minima specified for VCM
*CNAF 3710.7 also includes any time a visible horizon is not distinguishable to be IMC
Define:
Visual Flight Rules
VFR: rules governing the procedures for conducting flight under visual conditions
1000’ AGL/ 3 SM
(for take off that means that the ceiling is at least 1000’ AGL and visibility is >3 statute miles)
Identify:
Instrument Flight Rules
rules that govern flight under instrument conditions
when weather conditions less than the minimum VFR (<1000’ AGL or 3 SM or both)
may also be used to indicate the rules that an airport is operating under based on current weather conditions or a term used by PIC to indicate the type of flight plan that is filed
What are the alternatives if en route weather is less than required for VFR?
alter the route to maintain VMC conditions
stay VMC (in a holding pattern) until an IFR clearance can be approved
Remain VMC and land at a suitable airfield
What are the general requirements for IFR?
Pilot must hold a current instrument rating
aircraft must be capable of IFR
*you can file an IFR flight plan in VFR conditions, but you can not do the reverse
What is the definition of aerobatic flight?
aerobatic flight is an intentional maneuver involving abrupt bank angles >60 degrees, pitch angles greater than 45 degrees, or accelerations greater than 2.0 g
What are the rules concerning aerobatic flight?
FAR part 91 outlines these rules
- not over a city, town, or settlement
- over an open air assembly of persons
- within Class B, C, D, or E airspace or within federal airways
- below an altitude of 1500’ AGL
- when visibility is < 3 SM
Per semi-circular rules, a magnetic course of 360 is considered _____ and 180 degrees is considered ______
360 is considered east
180 is considered west
Semicircular altitudes:
Which airspace?
Which altitudes?
Westbound:
Eastbound:
Semicircular altitudes:
Westbound: Even altitudes or flight levels
Eastbound: odd altitudes or flight levels
*NE-ODD, SWEVEN
the semicircular rules are used when flying IFR outside controlled airspace.
IFR Within controlled airspace you fly at the altitude assigned by the ATC
