Flavonoids Flashcards
Flavonoids are synthesized from?
CinnamoylCoA.
Flavonoids and related compounds are derivatives of………
1,3-diphenylpropane
Flavonoids are classified based on…. and ……
Functional groups and basic structures
List the main classes of Flavonoids
f^3 CIA
flavonols flavones anthocyanidines flavanones, isoflavanoids and chalcones
Flavonoids exist as……
Which is more common?
O- and C-glycosides.
with O -glycosides being more common
Facts about the colour of Flavonoids
The flavonoids and closely related ___________ tend to be _________ in colour.
The ____________colour increases with the number of ________________ attached to the ________________.
The flavonoids and closely related structures tend to be yellow in colour.
The yellow colour increases with the number of hydroxyl groups attached to the rings
What are the colours of Anthocyanidins?
Red, violet or blue in colour.
What oligomers of flavonoids contribute to antioxidant activity?
Proanthocyanidins
State some activities displayed by flavonoids
6
bohtof
antifungal, antibacterial, oestrogenic, anti-HIV, antioxidant and antitumor activities.
Recent report associate …… and ….. with anticancer properties
apigenin and morusin
The antioxidant property of flavonoids is related to ………
to these compounds having a number of phenol groups
State the flavonoids contained in Dietary vegetables and red wine
Quercetin and kaempferol
Flavonoids in dietary vegetables and red wine provide……
protection against cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancers, and reducing the ageing process
Rutin (vitamin P) and hesperidin are available as…..
Dietary supplements
The main flavonoid in green tea is …….
a gallate derivative of epigallocatechin
Naringin is a component of __________has been shown to reduce the absorption of ____________by________ by blocking the ____________________
Naringin is a component of grapefruit juice has been shown to reduce the absorption of fexofenadine by 50% by blocking the uptake transporter system OATP1A2
List some drugs Naringin has an effect on
CESC
etoposide, calcium channel blockers, statins, and ciclosporin.
How Grapefruit juice interacts with Amiodarone…
Grapefruit juice inhibits the _______________. This is an established interaction, although the clinical consequences are still unclear.
The US and UK manufacturers recommend that grapefruit juice should be avoided when patients are taking ______________-.
Grapefruit juice inhibits the metabolism of oral amiodarone. This is an established interaction, although the clinical consequences are still unclear.
The US and UK manufacturers recommend that grapefruit juice should be avoided when patients are taking oral amiodarone.
How Grapefruit juice interacts with CCBs…..
What should patients avoid when taking ccb
Calcium channel blockers Grapefruit juice moderately increases felodipine exposure. This is an established interaction and concurrent use is contraindicated. Patients taking felodipine should not eat whole grapefruit.
Studies suggest that grapefruit juice and calcium-channel blockers other than felodipine and possibly nifedipine can be used concurrently. However, pharmacists should check the diet of any patient who complains of increased or excessive adverse effects with any calcium channel blocker
GFJ and Statins…
Statins Grapefruit juice has been shown to increase simvastatin exposure when large amounts are taken at the same time
Grapefruit juice is not known to interact with ________, _______ or _____________
Grapefruit juice is not known to interact with fluvastatin, rosuvastatin or pravastatin
Should not Simvastatin be taken simultaneously with GFJ?
simvastatin should not be taken simultaneously with grapefruit juice.
The interaction can be minimized, but not eliminated, if simvastatin is taken in the evening (as recommended), and a small quantity of grapefruit juice is consumed at breakfast. However, concurrent use is still not recommended.
Grapefruit juice moderately increases atorvastatin exposure, but the interaction seems less likely to be clinically relevant than that with simvastatin. The UK manufacturer suggests that large quantities of grapefruit juice (more than 1.2 litres daily) are not recommended. In general, the occasional glass of grapefruit juice would not appear to be a problem.
Ciclosporin vs GFJ….
Ciclosporin Grapefruit juice can increase ciclosporin exposure. This is an established interaction that is clinically important.
Why patients taking ciclosporin should be warned not to drink Grapefruit juice?
because increased ciclosporin concentrations are associated with nephrotoxicity
Phytoestrogens resemble what type of hormone?
what are they known for?
the hormone estrogen and are known to produce either weak agonist or anti-oestrogenic activity.
A phytoestrogen has some inhibitory action on the aromatase enzyme complex is known as ….
7-Hydroxyflavone
The enzyme that is responsible for the biosynthesis of estrogen is known as…..
Aromatase Enzyme
State the health benefits of Phytoestrogen in many plant-based foods( soya, flaxseed and hops)
they are considered to have beneficial effects such as prevent cardiovascular disease
Reduce breast and uterine cancers,
and reduce menopausal symptoms.
Two herbs that contain isoflavones and are used as herbal remedies (recommended for menopause) are……
soya- Daidzein from soya (Glycine max)
and red clover(Trifolium pratense)
Facts about Diadzein found in Soya
Daidzein occurs in both herbs and is metabolized by bacteria (large intestine) to give ____________, known to display oestrogenic activity.
Less than ___________% of women are unable to produce _____________by these means could account for the conflicting evidence. Types of soya food available: _________, ___________, _________, and ____________.
Daidzein occurs in both herbs and is metabolized by bacteria (large intestine) to give equol, known to display oestrogenic activity.
Less than 50% of women are unable to produce equol by these means could account for the conflicting evidence. Types of soya food available: soya milk, powder, beans, and tofu.
