Cannabinoids and Cannabis sativa

Question 1

History of Cannabis

Cannabis has been used in ______ medicine for at least four millennia. Its use spread over parts of _____ and was used by the ‘___________’ in the 11th and 12th centuries when they were fighting the crusaders. During Napoleon’s Egyptian campaign it was used as a _________________. More recently, it has become a __________ and has a social spotlight

Answer 1

Cannabis has been used in Hindu and Chinese medicine for at least four millennia. Its use spread over parts of Asia and was used by the ‘Assassins’ in the 11th and 12th centuries when they were fighting the crusaders. During Napoleon’s Egyptian campaign it was used as a sedative in mania and hysteria and for coughs, asthma and neuralgia. More recently, it has become a drug of abuse and has a social spotlight

Question 2

What is the purpose of cultivating Cannabis?

Answer 2

Cannabis sativa is cultivated for its fibres, seed and the chemicals

Question 3

The chemical found in Cannabis sativa is called?

Answer 3

Cannabinoid

Question 4

What is Cannabis?

it is a family of ___________-

Answer 4

Cannabis is the flowering parts and fruiting tops of Cannabis sativa, family Cannabidaceae.

Question 5

Name two other species of cannabis identified

Answer 5

C. indica

C.ruderilis

Question 6

The plants are annuals and indigenous to parts of __________, especially around _________ and neighbouring countries. It is legally cultivated in many countries presently for _____________. The _______are used to obtain a fixed oil which is used in ___________. The plants are covered in _______________.

Answer 6

The plants are annuals and indigenous to parts of Asia, especially around India and neighbouring countries. It is legally cultivated in many countries presently for the fibres and seeds. The seeds are used to obtain a fixed oil which is used in industry. The plants are covered in glandular hairs.

Question 7

List and briefly explain the types of preparations made from Cannabis

1. _________– the leaves are used to prepare an extract in either __________
2. ________– this is material obtained by treading the flowering tops of _____to initially get ‘________’ which is then rolled between hands to get the ‘________. In __________, it is official in their BP and is used in medicine.
3. _______ leaves are used for smoking.

Answer 7

1. Bhang’ – the leaves are used to prepare an extract in either water or butter.
2. Ganja’ – this is material obtained by treading the flowering tops of female plants to initially get ‘gauza’ which is then rolled between hands to get the ‘Ganja’. In India, it is official in their BP and is used in medicine.
3. ‘Hashish’ – leaves are used for smoking.

Question 8

What is cannabis oil?

how potent is it?

Answer 8

is an alcoholic extract of cannabis resin and hence is

highly potent.

Question 9

Problems associated with smoking Cannabis

list 9

Answer 9

lack of concentration

loss of short term memory;

there is evidence of psychological dependence,

depression,

anxiety,
panic,
lung cancer,
inability to perform complicated tasks, and more recently of long-term psychological disease. (Impairs intelligence;

Increase risk of hypertension PJ Sept 2017.)

Question 10

Cannabis compound of interest is found in …….

Answer 10

The Resin

Question 11

The resin in Cannabis is Produced by ____________, especially in __________plants.

Over _________cannabinoid compounds occur in the resin. The biosynthesis of these compounds is partly_________ and partly __________. Hence, cannabinoids are also referred to as ‘_______________’.

The main compound of interest has been ___________________ until recently.

Answer 11

Produced by glandular hairs, especially in female plants.

Over sixty cannabinoid compounds occur in the resin. The biosynthesis of these compounds is partly terpenoid (geranyl pyrophosphate) and partly phenolic (olivetolic acid). Hence, cannabinoids are also referred to as ‘terpenophenolics’.

The main compound of interest has been tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ1-THC) until recently.

Question 12

State the characteristics of the resin

ABS or SAB

Answer 12

The resin is an amorphous, brown semisolid

Question 13

Name the two types of cannabinoid receptors

Answer 13

cannabinoid (CB)1

cannabinoid (CB)2

Question 14

CBI receptors are associated with…

Answer 14

The brain

Question 15

CB2 receptors are connected with…….

hint: PIG

Answer 15

immune cells, GI tract, and the peripheral nervous tissue.

Question 16

Cannabis has been used in India as ________________

Answer 16

Cannabis has been used in India as an anti-emetic for hundreds of years

Question 17

Δ1-THC is effective as an anti-emetic agent for __________________

Answer 17

Δ1-THC is effective as an anti-emetic agent for some anti-cancer agents and radiation therapy.

Question 18

Δ1-THC is being marketed in the USA under the name and it is indicated for ________

Answer 18

Dronabinol (Marinol®) and being used to treat anorexia in AIDS patients (USA).

Question 19

Other clinical use of Cannabis

Cannabis can produce relief in __________and _____________. Clinical trials have already taken place for the latter condition and it does provide ________- but is not a_______. One of the compounds (cannabidiol) co-occurring with Δ1-THC has been shown to have ______________. Formulated product containing Δ1-THC and cannabidiol (_______®, CD Schedule 4 part 1) is now available for_____-related symptoms; spray for _________, maximum _______-times a day.

Answer 19

Cannabis can produce relief in chronic pain and reduce spasticity for multiple sclerosis conditions. Clinical trials have already taken place for the latter condition and it does provide relief from pain but is not a cure. One of the compounds (cannabidiol) co-occurring with Δ1-THC has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. Formulated product containing Δ1-THC and cannabidiol (Sativex®, CD Schedule 4 part 1) is now available for spasticity-related symptoms; spray for oral mucosa, maximum 12 times a day.

Question 20

Contraindications of Sativex…

Answer 20

family history of psychosis
History of other severe psychiatric disorders
Personal history of psychosis

Question 21

Cannabis and Intraocular pressure?

People who smoke cannabis have been found to have_____________. Δ1-THC has been shown to have this property. However, the side effects of these compounds and ___________- have prevented its application for __________-

Answer 21

People who smoke cannabis have been found to have reduced intraocular pressure. Δ1-THC has been shown to have this property. However, the side effects of these compounds and poor water solubility have prevented its application for glaucoma

Question 22

Actions of non-psychoactive cannabidiol are associated with…….

in what disease

Answer 22

with positive anti-inflammatory therapeutic actions e.g. colitis, injury and lung injury

Question 23

nabilone is a synthetic derivative of Δ1-THC, which is _____ times more potent and with relatively _________ available and is indicated for nausea and vomiting from _________.

Answer 23

A synthetic derivative of Δ1-THC, which is 10 times more potent and with relatively less side-effects available and is indicated for nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy treatment is called Nabilone

Question 24

What is Sativex indicated for?

Answer 24

Adjunct in moderate to severe spasticity in multiple sclerosis

Question 25

Endogenous _________ are derivatives of ________ have been isolated from _________. The compound is called ________ (Sanskrit, ananda = bliss) and acts on _______ receptors, and has similar activity to__________

Answer 25

Endogenous cannabimimetic(s) are derivatives of arachidonic acid have been isolated from brain tissue. The compound is called anandamide (Sanskrit, ananda = bliss) and acts on cannabinoid receptors, and has similar activity to Δ1-THC

Question 26

Anandamide is found…….

hint HCS

Answer 26

In spleen, CNS, and heart and low levels in other parts of the body

Question 27

Another endocannabinoid that has been found to be an agonist of the CB1 receptor?

considered to buffer against what?

Answer 27

2-Arachidonoylglycerol

buffer against stress

Question 28

the first cannabis-based drug approved by FDA is __________, which contains a _____ drug substance derived from ____, for the treatment of seizures associated with two rare forms of epilepsy, ______, and _________, in patients ______ years of age and older.

Answer 28

Epidiolex (cannabidiol) [CBD] oral solution, which contains a purified drug substance derived from marijuana, for the treatment of seizures associated with two rare forms of epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and Dravet syndrome, in patients two years of age and older.