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FLAGELLATES Flashcards

1
Q

whip-like locomotory organelle called

A

flagella

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2
Q

Motor component

A

: flagella and axonemes

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3
Q

Neuromotor apparatus

A

kinetoplast w/c consists of blepharoplast and parabasal body

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4
Q

Giardia intestinalis disease

A

Giardiasis, Traveler’s diarrhea, Gay bowel syndrome

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5
Q

This protozoan is also known as

A

G. lamblia

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6
Q

Discovered in 1681 by Antoine van Leeuwenhoek in his own stools

A

Giardia intestinalis

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7
Q

described by Lambl in 1859 who called it what?

A

Cercomonas intestinalis

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8
Q

How many nuclei does cyst of giardia intestinalis have?

A

2-4 nuclei

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9
Q

two longitudinal fibrils in the center and Football-shaped

A

Cyst if Giardia intestinalis

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10
Q

Pear shaped trophozoite

A

Giardia intestinalis

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11
Q

How many nuclei does trophozoite of Giardia have?

A

2 nuclei, each w/ a large karyosome, lying w/in the sucking disk

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12
Q

Has falling leaf motility

A

Giardia intestinalis

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13
Q

Old man’s face/old man w/ eyeglasses

A

Trophozoite of Giardia intestinalis

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14
Q

Infective stage of Giardia intestinalis

A

Mature cysts

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15
Q

Characterized by mild diarrhea, abdominal cramps, anorexia, and flatulence to tenderness of the epigastric region, steatorrhea, and malabsorption syndrome

A

Giardiasis (Traveler’s Diarrhea)

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16
Q

Sexual transmission of protozoal and helminthic
diseases by orogenital or oroanal routes.

A

Gay Bowel Syndrome

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17
Q

Duodenal contents can identify G. intestinalis using

A

using the string test, also known as Enterotest.

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18
Q

primary choice of treatments for G. intestinalis infections

A

metronidazole (Flagyl), tinidazole (Tindamax) and nitazoxanide (Alinia).

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19
Q

Common associated disease for D. fragilis

A

Dientamoeba fragilis infection

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20
Q

Initially classified as an ameba

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

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21
Q

Irregular and roundish in shape

A

Trophozoite of Dientamoeba fragilis

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22
Q

How many nuclei does D. fragilis have and consist of how many chromatin granules

A

2 nuclei with 4-8 chromatin granules

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23
Q

What does the trophozoite’s cytoplasm of D. fragilis consist of?

A

Vacuoles containing bacteria

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24
Q

Other documented symptoms that may occur
include bloody or mucoid stools, flatulence,
nausea or vomiting, weight loss, and fatigue or
weakness

A

D. fragilis infection

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25
Q

.The treatment of choice for D. fragilis infection

A

iodoquinol

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26
Q

alternative treatment for D. fragilis

A

Tetracycline

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27
Q

What are non pathogenic species

A

Trichomonas hominis and Chilomastix mesnili

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28
Q

Has five anterior flagella and a posterior flagellum projecting from an undulating membrane

A

Trichomonas hominis

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29
Q

How many nuclei does Trichomonas hominis

A

1

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30
Q

Pear-shaped
Spiral groove curving across the body
Spiral boring, jerky movement
3 anterior flagella and 1 w/in the cytostome

A

Trophozoite of Chilosmatix mesnili

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31
Q

Lemon to oval-shaped
Protrusion at end
Nipple-like cyst

A

Cyst of Chilomastix mesnili

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32
Q

Common associated disease and condition names for Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Persistent urethritis,
persistent vaginitis,
infant Trichomonas vaginalis infection,
Pingpong disease.

33
Q

Resides in the genitalia

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

34
Q

Infective stage of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Trophozoites

35
Q

Single prominent nucleus
Flagella: Three to five anterior and one posterior
Large axostyle with cytoplasmic granules
Inclusion bodies: Siderophil granules
Rapid jerky motility

A

Trophpzoite of T. vaginalis

36
Q

Strawberry cervix

A

Pingpong’s disease

37
Q

T. vaginalis trophozoites migrating from an
infected mother to the infant through the birth
canal and/ or during vaginal delivery.

A

Infant Infections

38
Q

Medium used for culture in diagnosing T. vaginalis

A

Diamond’s modified medium, and Feinberg and Whittington culture medium.

39
Q

Specimen of choice in T. vaginalis

A

Urine, Vaginal swab/discharge (female), Prostatic
secretion (male)

40
Q

Resides in the oral cavity.
Pyriform in shape and measures 7 to 13 μm.
Has five anterior flagella and a posterior flagellum projecting from an undulating membrane.

A

Trichomonas tenax

41
Q

Where do hemoflagellates inhabit?

A

Blood and tissues of humans

42
Q

MOT of Hemofllagelates is through?

A

Arthropod bites

43
Q

Four stages of development

A

amastigote, promastigote, epimastigote, and trypomastigote

44
Q

Non-motile, intracellular replicative form that is absent in Trypanosoma spp.

A

Amastigote

45
Q

flagellated form with no undulating membrane present in Leishmania

A

Promastigote

46
Q

Short undulating membrane that is present in Trypanosomes but absent in Lesihmania

A

Epimastigote

47
Q

Full undulating membrane

A

Trypanomastigote

48
Q

American trypanosomiasis, Chagas’ disease.

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

49
Q

Vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Triatomid bugs
Kissing bugs
Reduviid bugs
Assasin bugs
Cone nose bugs
Triatoma rubrofasciata = Philippines

50
Q

Habitat of Trypanosoma cruzi

A

RES, Cardiac muscle and CNS

51
Q

Exhibits all four stages of development

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

52
Q

Development of an erythematous nodule, known as a chagoma, at the site of infection.

A

Chaga’s disease (acute)

53
Q

present in patients who contract T. cruzi through the
ocular mucosa.

A

Romaña’s sign

54
Q

Destruction of multiple tissues results in patients who present with myocarditis, enlargement of the colon and esophagus, cardiomegaly, and hepatosplenomegaly.
CNS involvement
Death

A

Chaga’s Disease (chronic)

55
Q

East africa

A

Trypanosoma brucei subspp. rhodesiense

56
Q

West africa

A

Trypanosoma brucei subspp. gambiense

57
Q

T. brucei gambiense is transmitted by

A

Glossina (tsetse flies)

58
Q

Virulent form of trypanosomiasis transmitted by Glossina

A

T. brucei rhodesiense

59
Q

Development of a painful chancre (ulcer), surrounded by a white halo at the bite site.
Fever, malaise, headache, generalized weakness, and anorexia.

A

West African (Gambian) Sleeping Sickness

60
Q

enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes

A

Winterbottom’s sign

61
Q

a delayed sensation to pain

A

Kerandel’s sign

62
Q

excessive sleepiness

A

somnolence

63
Q

Fever, myalgia, and rigors.
Winterbottom’s sign may or may not be present.
Lymphadenopathy is absent.
Rapid weight loss is common and the CNS becomes involved early in the disease course.
Death caused by subsequent kidney damage
(glomerulonephritis) and myocarditis (inflammation of the heart), usually occurs within 9 to 12 months in
untreated patients.

A

East African (Rhodesian) Sleeping Sickness

64
Q

Specimen of choice in febrile stage

A

blood and lymph node aspirate

65
Q

Specimen of choice in sleeping sickness stage

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

66
Q

four major species of Leishmania

A

L. tropica, L braziliensis, L. mexicana, L. donovani

67
Q

Lesihmania spp. are transmitted by?

A

Sandfly or Phlebotomus spp.

68
Q

Old World leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis,
Oriental sore

A

L. tropica

69
Q

New World leishmaniasis or cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

L. mexicana

70
Q

mucocutaneous leishmaniasis or espundia

A

L. braziliensis

71
Q

Kala-Azar or visceral leishmaniasis

A

L. donovani

72
Q

Infective stage of Leishmania spp.

A

Promastigotes

73
Q

most common form of the disease, and is
caused by several species of Leishmania

A

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

74
Q

An erythematous papule or nodule, called an?

A

oriental button

75
Q

Also called anergic or lepromatous leishmaniasis.
Characterized by a localized, non-ulcerating
papule, eventually developing numerous diffuse
satellite lesions that affect the face and
extremities.

A

Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

76
Q

Involvement of the mucous membranes of the
nasal and oral cavities results in nasal stuffiness,
discharge, epistaxis, and destruction of the nasal
septum

A

Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis

77
Q

Often called espundia

A

Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis

78
Q

Other name is Kala azar

A

Visceral Leishmaniasis

79
Q

Spread of parasites into the bone marrow, spleen,
and liver

A

Visceral Leishmaniasis

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