Fixation and Fixatives NEW

Question 1

satisfactory for routine paraffin sections

Answer 1

aldehyde fixatives

Question 2

enumerate the types of fixation according to ACTION and COMPOSITION

Answer 2

simple and compound fixatives

Question 3

enumerate the simple fixatives

Answer 3

• Aldehyde
• Metallic
• Chromic acid
• Lead
• Picric acid
• Acetic acid
• Acetone
• Alcohol
• Osmium tetroxide (osmic acid)
• Heat

Question 4

enumerate the compound fixatives

Answer 4

• Carnoy’s
• Susa
• Bouin’s solution

Question 5

enumerate the types of fixation according to ACTION

Answer 5

microanatomical and cytological fixatives

Question 6

enumerate the aldehyde fixatives

Answer 6

formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde

Question 7

enumerate the metallic fixatives

Answer 7

mercuric chloride, chromate fixatives, potassium dichromate

Question 8

for general microscopic study of tissue structures

Answer 8

microanatomical fixatives

Question 9

to preserve the specific parts and particular microscopic elements of cell itself

Answer 9

cytological fixatives

Question 10

enumerate the cytological fixatives

Answer 10

nuclear, cytoplasmic, precipitant, histochemical

Question 11

primary component of nuclear fixatives and the pH

Answer 11

glacial acetic acid (pH 4.6 or less)

Question 12

enumerate the nuclear fixatives (5)

Answer 12

Flemming’s, Carnoy, Bouin, Newcomer, Heidenhain Susa

Question 13

T or F: cytoplasmic fixatives usually contains glacial acetic acid as their primary component

Answer 13

false, must NEVER CONTAIN GLACIAL ACETIC ACID since it destroys mitochondria, golgi apparatus, ER

Question 14

enumerate the cytoplasmic fixatives (4) and the pH

Answer 14

pH: >4.6

Flemmings’s (w/out acetic acid), Kelly’s fluid, Regaud (Muller’s fluid), Orth’s fluid

Question 15

for RNA, ___ fixatives ethanol and acetone give the best quantitative results using frozen tissues as the standard

Answer 15

precipitant fixatives

Question 16

this preserves the chemical constituents of cells and tissue

Answer 16

histochemical fixatives

Question 17

enumerate the histochemical fixatives (4)

Answer 17

Formol saline (10%), Absolute ethyl alcohol, Acetone, Newcomer’s fluid

Question 18

fixatives that can be effective for lipid preservation

Answer 18

fixatives with mercuric chloride and potassium dichromate

Question 19

phospholipids which contain amino groups are fixed by __

Answer 19

aldehydes

Question 20

used post-fixing in ultrastructural demonstration of lipids

Answer 20

imidazole osmium tetroxide

Question 21

fixative used for cholesterol ultrademonstration

Answer 21

digitonin

Question 22

enumerate the fixatives in carbohydrate fixation

Answer 22

alcoholic formaldehyde - human skin
alcoholic fixatives - for glycogen fixation

Question 23

most commonly used in protein fixation or in the amino acid

Answer 23

neutral buffered formol saline and formaldehyde vapor

Question 24

fixatives used in glycogen fixation

Answer 24

Rossman’s fluid and cold absolute alcohol

Question 25

can enhance better retention of glycogen

Answer 25

celloidin coating

Question 26

two aldehyde fixatives mixtures useful for electron cytochemistry

Answer 26

Karnovsky paraformaldehyde glutaraldehye

Question 27

FORMALDEHYDE dilution, fixation time, pH

Answer 27

dilution 1:10 or 1:20
fixation time: 24 hrs
pH: 7

Question 28

10% FORMOL SALINE components, fixation time and temp

Answer 28

40% formoldehyde + NaCl + distilled water
24 hours at 35C or 48 hrs at 20-25C

Question 30

recommended fixatives for central nervous tissues and postmortem tissues

Answer 30

10% formol saline

Question 31

10% NEUTRAL BUFFERED FORMALIN OR PHOSPHATE BUFFERED FORMALIN components, fixation time

Answer 31

anhydrous sodium dihydrogen phosphate + anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate + 40% formaldehyde + distilled water

4-24 hours

Question 32

for preservation and storage of surgical, post-mortem, and research speciments

Answer 32

10% NEUTRAL BUFFERED FORMALIN OR PHOSPHATE BUFFERED FORMALIN

Question 33

FORMAL-CORROSIVE