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Histopath lect > Decalcification > Flashcards

Decalcification Flashcards

1
Q

what is decalcification

A

to remove minerals from bone or other calcified tissue

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2
Q

effect of decalcification

A

hard cutting of tissuese

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3
Q

effect of over-calcification

A

will hardly react to eosin

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4
Q

calcium may be removed by one of the following agents, enumerate.

A

acids, chelating agents, ion exchange resins, electrical ionization

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5
Q

enumerate the acid decalcifying agents

A
  • nitric acid
  • hydrochloric acid
  • formic acid
  • formic acid - sodium citrate solution
  • trichloroactetic acid
  • sulfurous acid
  • chromic acid
  • citric acid
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6
Q

most common and fastest decalcifying agent

A

nitric acid

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7
Q

aqueous nitric acid solution 10% components and decal time

A

concentrated nitric acid + distilled water
12-24 hours

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8
Q

recommended for urgent biopsies, needle, and small biopsies

A

aqueous nitric acid solution 10%

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9
Q

FORMOL-NITRIC ACID (10%) components and decalcification time

A

concentrated nitric acid + strong formaldehyde + distilled water
1-3 days

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10
Q

component and decal time of perenyi’s fluid

A

10% nitric acid + 0.5% chromic acid + absolute ethyl alcohol
2-7 days

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11
Q

phloroglucin nitric acid components and decal time

A

concentrated nitric acid + phloroglucin + 10% nitric acid
12-24 hours

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12
Q

most rapid decalcifying agent

A

phloroglucin nitric acid

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13
Q

enumerate the 4 decalcifying agents under NITRIC ACID

A

formol-nitric acid, aqueous nitric acid solution 10%, perenyi’s fluid, phloroglucin nitric acid

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14
Q

inferior to nitric acid due to its lower action and greater distortion

A

hydrochloric acid

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15
Q

give an example of a hydrochloric acid decalcifying agent

A

von ebner’s fluid

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16
Q

von ebner’s fluid components

A

Saturated aqueous solution of 36% NaCl + conc. HCL _ distilled water

17
Q

this acid decalcifying agent recommended for teeth and small pieces of bones

A

von ebner’s fluid

18
Q

the only weak acid used extensively as primary decalcifying agent for decalcification of post-mortem tissues not for urgent exams

A

formic acid

19
Q

component and decalcification time of formic acid

A

formic acid + 10% formol saline
2-7 days

20
Q

components and decal time of formic acid - sodium citrate solution

A

20% aqueous sodium citrate + 45% formic acid
3-14 days

21
Q

recommended for autopsy materials, bone marrow cartilage, and tissue studied for research

A

formic acid - sodium citrate solution

22
Q

components and decal time of trichloroacetic acid

A

TCA + 10% formol saline
4-8 days

23
Q

weak decalcifying solution suitable only for minute pieces of bone

A

sulfurous acid

24
Q

chromic acid (flemming’s solution) components

A

chromic acid + osmium tetroxide + glacial acetic acid

25
Q

citric acid - citrate buffer solution pH, component, and decal time

A

4.5
7% citric acid monohydrate aqueous solution + 7.4% ammonium citrate (anhydrous) aqueous solution + 1% zinc sulfate aqueous solution + few drops of chloroform
6 days

26
Q

most common chelating agent

A

EDTA

27
Q

substances which combine calcium ions and other salts

A

chelating agents

28
Q

commercial name of edta

A

versene and sequestrene

29
Q

ion exchange resin is an ammonium form of __

A

polystyrene resin

30
Q

removes calcium ions from formic acid thereby increasing solubility from the tissue

A

ion exchange resin

31
Q

ion exchange resin is not recommended for fluids containing mineral acids such as __

A

nitric or hydrochloric acid

32
Q

process whereby positively charged calcium ions are attached to a negative electrode and subsequently remove from the decalcifying agent

A

electrophoresis

33
Q

solutions used in electrophoresis

A

88% formic acid, concentrated HCl, distilled water

34
Q

enumerate the 3 ways to measure the extent of decalcification

A

physical or mechanical method, xray/radiological, chemical/calcium oxalate test

35
Q

most ideal, most sensitive, most reliable method which is not recommended for mercuric chloride-fixed itssues

A

xray/radiological

36
Q

reliable, convenient method recommended for routine purposes and the decalcifying fluid is changed every 24-48 hrs

A

chemical method/calcium oxalate test

37
Q

solutions used in calcium oxalate test

A

concentrated ammonium hydroxide, saturated aqueous ammonium oxalate

38
Q

presence of cloudiness in chemical method indicates?

A

presence of Ca (incomplete decalcification)

Histopath lect (10 decks)

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