First Test Module Two Flashcards
What is homeostasis?
A stable state that is actively monitored and constantly maintained (stable state)
What is negative feedback?
When a change in one direction causes a system to alter itself so that it causes enough of a change in the “opposite direction” to undue or reverse the original change
What is positive Feedback?
When a change in one direction causes a system to make another change in the “same direction”, which causes yet another change in the same direction, continually amplifying original change
What is equilibrium?
A state of balance or equality
What is a hypothesis?
A proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation
What is a theory?
Something scientists are very confident in, not something they are certain about
What is homeostasis and how is it maintained? Components used?
Homeostasis is a stable state and it is maintained by either negative or positive feedback, and the components used are a receptor, a control/integration center, and an effector
How does negative feedback work?
The receptor detects change from desired condition , then the control center determines what response is necessary to reverse change, finally the effector carries out response identified by control center that reverses change
What are biological and non biological examples of negative feedback?
Non-biological: Thermostat and temperature regulation
Biological: Hypothalamus and temperature regulation
How does positive feedback work?
The sensor detects change form desired condition, then the control center determines what response is necessary to amplify change, and finally the effector carries out response identified by control center, producing more change, activating receptor further
What are biological and non biological examples of positive feedback?
Non-biological: Nuclear chain reaction
Biological: Blood clotting, Child birth, Lactation
What is the difference and similarities between negative and positive feedback?
Both are similar because they both are functions used to maintain homeostasis and they differ because negative feedback by its mechanism, undoes change and positive feedback by its mechanism, increases change
What are the four characteristics of science?
- It is a process
- It provides explanations and mechanisms
- It is self correcting
- It makes falsifiable predictions
How do experimental controls work and what info do they provide?
It is a slight variation on the experimental group that is designed to rule out alternative explanations for positive results and they allow us to see a change
What does the “same” in the “homeo” part of homeostasis refer to?
Conditions in one location being kept the same
What is optimal human blood pH?
pH 7.3
What is optimal stomach pH?
pH 2
What is optimal small intestine pH?
pH 8
What receives and sends out signals and sends out commands in the homeostatic system?
The integration center/control center
To maintain homeostasis and keep conditions constant you need three components:
- Receptor or sensor
- Control/Integration center
- And Effector
What does the receptor/sensor do in maintaining homeostasis?
To monitor conditions under homeostasis and detect changes from the optimal or desired setting
What does the control center/integration center do in maintaining homeostasis?
To receive signals/information from receptor/sensor and respond to any detected changes by sending out commands
What does the effector do in maintaining homeostasis?
To receive commands from the control/integration center and carry out actions in response to the changes detected by the receptor/sensor
In negative feedback what direction is the response in?
The opposite direction to the original change
