first set of slides 3/21 population ecology

Question 1

Scientific goal of ecology

Answer 1

understanding the factors that influence the size of populations

Question 2

general principles of pop. ecology

Answer 2

dispersion/immigration/emigration/births/deaths

Question 3

Practical goal of ecology

Answer 3

management of populations

Question 4

the three tyeps of population management to achieve the practical goal

Answer 4

Increase population size
decrease population size
maintain population size

Question 5

when do we need to increase population size

Answer 5

endangered species

Question 6

decrease population size for what type of species

Answer 6

pests

Question 7

maintain population size for

Answer 7

maintain & maximize sustained yield

ex. fisheries management

Question 8

Population

Answer 8

group of individuals of same species in same area at same time

Question 9

what makes a population what characterisitcs

Answer 9

-rely on same resources
-interact with each other
-interbreed together

Question 10

populations are going to be influenced by

Answer 10

boundaries and size

Question 11

factors that relate to pop. ecology is AKA dynamic biological process are influenced by (give all factors)

Answer 11

Density
Dispersion
Demographics

Question 12

Density

Answer 12

number of individuals per unit area or volume

ex. 6 rabbits per acre

Question 13

dispersion

Answer 13

pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the pop

Question 14

demographics

Answer 14

factors that are going to affect birth and death rates in a population

Question 15

what do Sampling techniques help figure out

Answer 15

density and total pop. size

Question 16

3 different ways to do the sampling techniques for density

Answer 16

-Extrapolation from small samples
-An index of population size (e.g., number of nests will have a certain number of eggs in it )
-Mark-recapture method

Question 17

why do ecologist do sampling techniques

Answer 17

because its impossible to count all organisms in a population you need to estimate

Question 18

tag

Answer 18

marking organism so they are identifiable in sampling

Question 19

process of Mark-recapture method

Answer 19

-Capture, tag, release a random sample of individuals
-after giving species time to Mix back into the population
- Capture a second sample, note how many of them are marked
Population size is estimated by a formula

Question 20

formula for MArk recapture method

Answer 20

N=sn/x

Question 21

N

Answer 21

total pop size

Question 22

s

Answer 22

amount of individuals in first sample

Question 23

n

Answer 23

amount of individuals in 2nd sample

Question 24

x

Answer 24

how many individuals from 2nd sample where tagged

Question 25

Density is when the environment is

Answer 25

adding & removing individuals from a population

Question 26

adding to pop.

Answer 26

birth immigration

Question 27

removing to pop.

Answer 27

death emmigration

Question 28

Population of spacing ( patterns of dispersion)

Answer 28

how individuals are spaced out within the area they live

Question 29

clumped

Answer 29

diff size clumps

ex. school of fish

Question 30

random

Answer 30

common with plants and seed randomly placed

Question 31

uniform

Answer 31

equally dispersed

Question 32

population spacing provides

Answer 32

insight into the environmental associations
& social interactions of individuals in population

Question 33

population spacing provides

Answer 33

insight into the environmental associations
& social interactions of individuals in population

Question 34

population spacin will be influnced by

Answer 34

enviorment and social factors (factors will influnce spacing of individuals in the pop.)

Question 35

clumped example for what influences it

Answer 35

influnced by enviormental facots per se resource availability

Question 36

clumped patterns are most

Answer 36

most common

Question 37

individuals that show uniformity usually are

Answer 37

territoriality

Question 38

→ territoriality

Answer 38

they have there own bubble no other individuals in there area

Question 39

uniformity dispersion may

Answer 39

result from direct interactions between individuals in the population

Question 40

Demography

Answer 40

Factors that affect growth & decline of populations (birth/death rates)

Question 41

life table

Answer 41

vital statistics & how they change over time

Question 42

life tables how are they set up

Answer 42

breaks up age specific catagoriess
and look for survival patterns of a paticular organism

Question 43

Population growth rates

Answer 43

are number of births in relation to the number of death

Question 44

Factors affecting population growth rate
FYIish

Answer 44

sex ratio (how many females vs males)
generation time ( what age do females reprodouce)
age structure (how females at reproductive age in cohort)

Question 45

cohort

Answer 45

means in a particular group

Question 46

Survivorship curves

Answer 46

Graphic representation of life table

Question 47

how to read Survivorship curves

Answer 47

The relatively straight lines of the plots indicate relatively constant rates of death; however, males have a lower survival rate overall than females.

Question 48

3 types of Survivorship curves (look at slide 16 to undersand)

Answer 48

I. High death rate in post-reproductive years
II. Constant mortality rate throughout life span
III. Very high early mortality but the few survivors then live long (stay reproductive)

Question 49

Reproductive Rates
are determined by

Answer 49

sexual reproduction and reproductive table (fertility schedule)

Question 50

Sexual reproduction
concentrates on

Answer 50

females in a population

Question 51

Reproductive table (fertility schedule)
is

Answer 51

age-specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population