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ecology > first set of slides 3/21 population ecology > Flashcards

first set of slides 3/21 population ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific goal of ecology

A

understanding the factors that influence the size of populations

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2
Q

general principles of pop. ecology

A

dispersion/immigration/emigration/births/deaths

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3
Q

Practical goal of ecology

A

management of populations

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4
Q

the three tyeps of population management to achieve the practical goal

A

Increase population size
decrease population size
maintain population size

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5
Q

when do we need to increase population size

A

endangered species

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6
Q

decrease population size for what type of species

A

pests

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7
Q

maintain population size for

A

maintain & maximize sustained yield

ex. fisheries management

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8
Q

Population

A

group of individuals of same species in same area at same time

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9
Q

what makes a population what characterisitcs

A

-rely on same resources
-interact with each other
-interbreed together

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10
Q

populations are going to be influenced by

A

boundaries and size

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11
Q

factors that relate to pop. ecology is AKA dynamic biological process are influenced by (give all factors)

A

Density
Dispersion
Demographics

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12
Q

Density

A

number of individuals per unit area or volume

ex. 6 rabbits per acre

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13
Q

dispersion

A

pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the pop

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14
Q

demographics

A

factors that are going to affect birth and death rates in a population

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15
Q

what do Sampling techniques help figure out

A

density and total pop. size

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16
Q

3 different ways to do the sampling techniques for density

A

-Extrapolation from small samples
-An index of population size (e.g., number of nests will have a certain number of eggs in it )
-Mark-recapture method

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17
Q

why do ecologist do sampling techniques

A

because its impossible to count all organisms in a population you need to estimate

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18
Q

tag

A

marking organism so they are identifiable in sampling

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19
Q

process of Mark-recapture method

A

-Capture, tag, release a random sample of individuals
-after giving species time to Mix back into the population
- Capture a second sample, note how many of them are marked
Population size is estimated by a formula

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20
Q

formula for MArk recapture method

A

N=sn/x

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21
Q

N

A

total pop size

22
Q

s

A

amount of individuals in first sample

23
Q

n

A

amount of individuals in 2nd sample

24
Q

x

A

how many individuals from 2nd sample where tagged

25
Q

Density is when the environment is

A

adding & removing individuals from a population

26
Q

adding to pop.

A

birth immigration

27
Q

removing to pop.

A

death emmigration

28
Q

Population of spacing ( patterns of dispersion)

A

how individuals are spaced out within the area they live

29
Q

clumped

A

diff size clumps

ex. school of fish

30
Q

random

A

common with plants and seed randomly placed

31
Q

uniform

A

equally dispersed

32
Q

population spacing provides

A

insight into the environmental associations
& social interactions of individuals in population

33
Q

population spacing provides

A

insight into the environmental associations
& social interactions of individuals in population

34
Q

population spacin will be influnced by

A

enviorment and social factors (factors will influnce spacing of individuals in the pop.)

35
Q

clumped example for what influences it

A

influnced by enviormental facots per se resource availability

36
Q

clumped patterns are most

A

most common

37
Q

individuals that show uniformity usually are

A

territoriality

38
Q

→ territoriality

A

they have there own bubble no other individuals in there area

39
Q

uniformity dispersion may

A

result from direct interactions between individuals in the population

40
Q

Demography

A

Factors that affect growth & decline of populations (birth/death rates)

41
Q

life table

A

vital statistics & how they change over time

42
Q

life tables how are they set up

A

breaks up age specific catagoriess
and look for survival patterns of a paticular organism

43
Q

Population growth rates

A

are number of births in relation to the number of death

44
Q

Factors affecting population growth rate
FYIish

A

sex ratio (how many females vs males)
generation time ( what age do females reprodouce)
age structure (how females at reproductive age in cohort)

45
Q

cohort

A

means in a particular group

46
Q

Survivorship curves

A

Graphic representation of life table

47
Q

how to read Survivorship curves

A

The relatively straight lines of the plots indicate relatively constant rates of death; however, males have a lower survival rate overall than females.

48
Q

3 types of Survivorship curves (look at slide 16 to undersand)

A

I. High death rate in post-reproductive years
II. Constant mortality rate throughout life span
III. Very high early mortality but the few survivors then live long (stay reproductive)

49
Q

Reproductive Rates
are determined by

A

sexual reproduction and reproductive table (fertility schedule)

50
Q

Sexual reproduction
concentrates on

A

females in a population

51
Q

Reproductive table (fertility schedule)
is

A

age-specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population

ecology (7 decks)

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