3/28 community ecology next set of slides

Question 1

Symbiotic interactions

Answer 1

living close

Question 2

Symbiotic interactions
can be

Answer 2

predation / parasitism
commensalism
mutualism

Question 3

predation / parasitism

Answer 3

(-/+)

Question 4

commensalism

Answer 4

(+/0)

Question 5

mutualism

Answer 5

(+/+)

Question 6

mutualism ex.

Answer 6

lichens (algae & fungus)
fungus provides habitat for algea but algea provides food for fungi

Question 7

in what ways do predators adapt to get food quicker and easier

Answer 7

Claws, teeth, fangs, stingers, poison

Question 8

Predators adapt so they can

Answer 8

locate & subdue prey

Question 9

what characteristics can adapt in predators

Answer 9

horns, speed, coloration

Question 10

prey adapts so they can

Answer 10

elude & defend

Question 11

what characteristics can adapt in a prey

Answer 11

spines, thorns, toxins

Question 12

as a predator or prey changes what happens to the prey or predator

Answer 12

the other will change accordingly

Question 13

Anti-predator adaptations

Answer 13

hiding from predators
warning coloration

Question 14

Anti-predator adaptations and ex.

Answer 14

avoid detection
Cryptic/camofluge coloration

Question 15

Warning coloration

Answer 15

advertise how undesirable
you are as prey
Aposematic coloration

Question 16

Aposematic coloration
ex.

Answer 16

mimicary

Question 17

Common warning coloration

Answer 17

signaling and chemical defense
Aposematic species come to resemble each other

Question 18

coloration leads to

Answer 18

Batesian Mimicry

Question 19

Convergent evolution

Answer 19

ot become more and more alike

Question 20

Batesian Mimicry

Answer 20

palatable or harmless species mimics a harmful model
so predators won’t eat it to show defense

Question 21

Mullerian mimicry

Answer 21

two or more poisonous species look like each other

Question 22

why mullerian mimicary

Answer 22

group defense?
- predators may evolve innate avoidance

Question 23

Herbivory

Answer 23

(+/– interaction)
Plant mechanical and chemical defenses
Adaptations by herbivores

Question 24

Parasitism

Answer 24

-Parasite / Host
-Complex life cycles
-Increase in parasites’ fitness so they can make sure they don’t kill the host

Question 25

Mutualism

Answer 25

= benefits both species

Question 26

obligate

Answer 26

must live together

Question 27

Facultative

Answer 27

don’t have to live together but if the do the can benefit from each other

Question 28

Commensalism

Answer 28

as far as we know one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped

Question 29

Commensalism is hard to

Answer 29

Hard to document in nature
because we dont know how to

Question 30

Facilitation

Answer 30

(+/+) or (+/0)
one species comes and makes the enviorment nice for another species that will migrate there but htey will never phiysically interact

Question 31

Coevolution in Community

Answer 31

Long term evolutionary adjustments between species

Question 32

Coevolution in Community
types

Answer 32

Predator-prey relationships
Parasite-host relationships
Flowers & pollinators