3/28 community ecology next set of slides Flashcards
Symbiotic interactions
living close
Symbiotic interactions
can be
predation / parasitism
commensalism
mutualism
predation / parasitism
(-/+)
commensalism
(+/0)
mutualism
(+/+)
mutualism ex.
lichens (algae & fungus)
fungus provides habitat for algea but algea provides food for fungi
in what ways do predators adapt to get food quicker and easier
Claws, teeth, fangs, stingers, poison
Predators adapt so they can
locate & subdue prey
what characteristics can adapt in predators
horns, speed, coloration
prey adapts so they can
elude & defend
what characteristics can adapt in a prey
spines, thorns, toxins
as a predator or prey changes what happens to the prey or predator
the other will change accordingly
Anti-predator adaptations
hiding from predators
warning coloration
Anti-predator adaptations and ex.
avoid detection
Cryptic/camofluge coloration
Warning coloration
advertise how undesirable
you are as prey
Aposematic coloration
Aposematic coloration
ex.
mimicary
Common warning coloration
signaling and chemical defense
Aposematic species come to resemble each other
coloration leads to
Batesian Mimicry
Convergent evolution
ot become more and more alike
Batesian Mimicry
palatable or harmless species mimics a harmful model
so predators won’t eat it to show defense
Mullerian mimicry
two or more poisonous species look like each other
why mullerian mimicary
group defense?
- predators may evolve innate avoidance
Herbivory
(+/– interaction)
Plant mechanical and chemical defenses
Adaptations by herbivores
Parasitism
-Parasite / Host
-Complex life cycles
-Increase in parasites’ fitness so they can make sure they don’t kill the host
Mutualism
= benefits both species
obligate
must live together
Facultative
don’t have to live together but if the do the can benefit from each other
Commensalism
as far as we know one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped
Commensalism is hard to
Hard to document in nature
because we dont know how to
Facilitation
(+/+) or (+/0)
one species comes and makes the enviorment nice for another species that will migrate there but htey will never phiysically interact
Coevolution in Community
Long term evolutionary adjustments between species
Coevolution in Community
types
Predator-prey relationships
Parasite-host relationships
Flowers & pollinators
