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ecology > 3/29 community ecology > Flashcards

3/29 community ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Species diversity
and feeding relationships questions to ask

A

How many different species? verity is important

Who’s dominant?

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2
Q

Who’s dominant?
can be described as

A

most abundant
or highest biomass
(total weight)

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3
Q

Community Structure

A

Species diversity
Keystone species
Ecological Succession

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4
Q

Species diversity

A

greater diversity = greater stability

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5
Q

Greater biodiversity offers:

A

more food
resources
more habitats
more resilience
in face of environmental change

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6
Q

variation gene pools

A

what ever decreses the gene pool won’t have a big affect if there is a variety of them

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7
Q

2 ways to compose species diversity

A

species richness
relative abundance

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8
Q

species richness

A

number of diff species in a community

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9
Q

relative abundance

A

how many are there of each organism in each species related to the other species

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10
Q

The impact of reduced biodiversity

A

when diversity decreases its harder for plants to comeback from devestation

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11
Q

biodiversity can change

A

ot

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12
Q

understand food webs

A

and how to read them

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13
Q

roles-

A

can be at more than 1 lvl

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14
Q

grouping

A

specise with similar trophic relationship

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15
Q

isolating

A

interacts very little with the rest on a food web

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16
Q

limits

A

on food chain length becuase energy runs out

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17
Q

Dominant Species

A

Species with a large impact
most abundant or have the highest biomass
Control over other species

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18
Q

exploiting resources

A

outcompetes most in community

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19
Q

avoiding predators

A

no predators exist in the community

20
Q

Invasive species

A

can become dominant

21
Q

biomass

A

weight

22
Q

abundance

A

large in numbers

23
Q

Species with a large impact:
Keystone species

A

A species that has a large effect on its environment relative to its abundance
A consumer organism (herbivore or carnivore)
Low biomass in numbers
they baiscally hold up the community

24
Q

Ecosystem engineers

A

AKA foundation species
redo landscape
cause physical changes in the environment that affect community structure

25
Q

Characterizing Disturbance

A

this can be a good or bad thing
event that changes a community, removes organisms from it, and alters resource availability

26
Q

old idea of disturbance

A

Communities are in a state of equilibrium
Climax community – superorganism

27
Q

recent idea for disturbance

A

nonequilibrium model
Communities constantly changed by disturbance

28
Q

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis:

A

moderate levels of disturbance can foster greater diversity than either high or low levels of disturbance

29
Q

high disturbance will be bad for

A

slow-growing species

30
Q

low disturbance will be bad because

A

dominant species vs. less competitive species

31
Q

understand graph on slied 41

A

new zeland stream

32
Q

Human Disturbance

A

they are the biggest disturbance and causes bad affects Reduces species diversity

33
Q

Fire adapted species

A

adaptations to survive and reproduce in areas than experience frequent fires

34
Q

Latitude

A

richness declines along equatorial-polar gradient

35
Q

Tropics to Polar

A

species richness declines

36
Q

why does richness decline

A

Evolutionary History
Climate – primary cause

37
Q

Evolutionary History

A

Greater age = greater species richness
Growing season never stops in the tropics and stops in polar area
Restarts polar area restarts in warmer times

38
Q

Climate – primary cause for diverstiy

A

sun/solar energy
Water / Evapotranspiration (evaporation of water from soil plus transpiration of water from plants)
intensity of sun dwindles

39
Q

Species-area curve

A

quantifies the idea that, all other factors being equal, a larger geographic area has more species

40
Q

Island Equilibrium Model

A

Species richness depends on:
- island size, distance from the mainland, immigration, and extinction
Equilibrium model of island biogeography:
- species richness levels off at a dynamic equilibrium point

Larger area=large number of species

41
Q

there is a sweet spot fro

A

area vs birth and immigration

42
Q

islands are a little

A

diffrent

43
Q

Pathogens

A

alter community structure locally and globally

44
Q

Pathogens are

A
45
Q

Zoonotic Diseases

A

starts in animals
Zoonotic pathogens - animals to humans
vector
Many emerging human diseases
Identify hosts and vectors to prevent disease

46
Q

vector

A

transfer of pathogen

ecology (7 decks)

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