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ecology > ecosystem > Flashcards

ecosystem Flashcards

1
Q

ecosystem ex

A

aquarium,lake,forest

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2
Q

ecosystems consists of

A

all the organisms in a community plus abiotic factors

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3
Q

ecosystems are transformers of _____ and processors of _____

A

energy
matter

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4
Q

ecosystems are____

A

self sustaining

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5
Q

what is needed for a self sustaining ecosystem

A

capture of energy
transfer of energy
cycle of nutrients

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6
Q

what is inputed into an ecosystem

A

energy

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7
Q

energy ____ through the ecosystem

A

flows

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8
Q

where does matter cycling happen

A

within the ecosystem

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9
Q

where does nutrients cycle happen

A

nutrients cycle through the ecosystem/ within the biosphere

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10
Q

ecosystem inputs

A

energy
nutrient

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11
Q

how does energy flow through the ecosystems (food chain)

A

sun will hit the producers ( plants) which are autotrophs then the primary consumers ( herbivores which are heterotrophs who will eat he plant and take some to the energy the sun gave the plant through photosynthesis and rest of the energy will be let out as heat. same when the secondary consumers eat the primary consumers but they would get less energy from the plant then the primary consumer and a lot of the energy will be released by heat again

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12
Q

generalized nutrient cycle process

A

geological processes will help let out some chemicals and material and the abiotic reservoir take nutrients from non-living things and stores chemicals that can be used for cycling nutrients. some of the abiotic reservoir will enter the cycle and the nutrients will enter the food chain and it will be available for producers. producers will then give to consumers and they will decompose and the “nutrients” may go back to the abiotic resivor

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13
Q

decompostion

A

connects all trophic levels

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14
Q

primary production

A

amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by autotrophs is going to be available to the rest of the system

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15
Q

primary production ex. sun energy for photosynthesis

A

sun energy is used for photosynthesis so how much of the sun’s energy will be available for the entire cycle

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16
Q

ecosystem energy budgets

A

amount of energy that will be available for the rest of the system

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17
Q

what sets the spending limit for an ecosystem’s energy budget

A

photosynthetic production

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18
Q

what limits the photosynthetic otuput

A

solar radiation

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19
Q

why does the sun give such little energy for the ecosystem

A

only some light hits photosynthetic plant and only some of them is at a usable wavelength

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20
Q

which is more limiting to the ecosystem in the water
nutrients or lights

A

Nutrients

21
Q

both nutrients and light limits what specifically

A

limits primary production

22
Q

depth of light in the water means what

A

how far or how deep light can penetrate the water for photosynthesis

23
Q

limiting nutrients means

A

there needs to be certain elements for there to be more production of plants mainly in a certain area

24
Q

what are the 2 most limiting nutrients/elements

A

nitrogen and phosphorus

25
Q

what is upwelling of nutrient-rich waters

A

its when the water brings up the nutrients to the top of the ocean which contributes to more production of plants on the upper parts of ocean

26
Q

the high region of primary production leads to

A

ecological impacts

27
Q

due to the sewage upwelling terrible water to the top there was a lot of species loss because of

A

overgrowth of certain species

28
Q

the main affects on primary production

A

temperature and moisture

29
Q

there is more production of the primarys when

A

there is more moisture

30
Q

actual evapotranspiration

A

water transpired by plants and evaporated from a landscape

water gets pushed up roots and stems and water vapor comes through leaves its like the leaf is sweating

31
Q

what affects actual evapotranpiration

A

praciptaion
temprature
solar energy
and its related to the net primary production

32
Q

what two soil nutrients are a limiting factor in primary production

A

nitrogen and phosphorus

33
Q

how do adaptions help plants

A

help plants by accessing limiting nutrient from soil

34
Q

diffrent type of adaptions can be

A

mutualism
roots
enzymes

35
Q

why have mutualism with nitrogen-fixing bacteria

A

to access more nitrogen

36
Q

why have mutualism with mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots

A

fungi will increase surface area of roots and help get more nutrients

37
Q

why do roots have root hair

A

increase the surface area of roots

38
Q

how are enzymes a good adaptations

A

certain adaptions can give enzymes that increase the availability of limiting nutrients

39
Q

when an ecosystem is being affected by a loss of nutrients overtime plants will

A

gain adaptions that will help with selection within their ecosystem

40
Q

how much energy is lost on waste

A

50%

41
Q

how much energy is lost from cellular resperation

A

33%

42
Q

how much is lost threouhg growth not just for the next trophic lvl but through heat

A

17%

43
Q

after 5% there

A

isnt energy left from a certian trophic lvl

44
Q

meat that we eat is not affective cause

A

barley any amount of photosynthetic energy in it for us

45
Q

restoration so they

A

have time to recover

46
Q

waht does restoration do

A

initiate or speed up the recovery of degraded ecosystem

47
Q

2 stratagies of restoration

A

biormediation
augmenation

48
Q

bioremediation

A

the process of using biological microorganisms to breakdown hazardous materials and substances into less toxic or nontoxic products

removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water

49
Q

Augmentation

A

add an organism to help restore

ecology (7 decks)

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