3rd set of slides 3/23 Flashcards
increase reproduction may decrease
survival
life history traits
-age at first reproduction
-# offspring produced each time
- number of reproductive cycles per lifetime
life history traits are
all the traits that are going to affect an organism schedule of reproduction and survival
why are life history traits important to understand for evolution
this is an important evolutionary concept because these evolutionary outcomes reflected on development,physiology and behaviors of an organism
how does limited resources relate to trade offs
limited resources are going to lead to tradeoffs between reproduction and survivalor between the number and size of offsprings vs. the survival of the offspring or of the parents
tradoffs
Number and size of offspring vs. survival of offspring or parent
parental survvial ex
the cost of larger set of baby birds to both male and female parents
K-selected (density-dependent) reproductive strategies life history traits
late reproduction
few offspring
invest a lot in raising offspring
primates
k selected means
K-selected species are controlled more by carrying capacity
r-selected (density-independent) life history traits
early reproduction
many offspring
little parental care
r-selected means
R-selected species are influenced heavily by the maximum population growth rate, and exhibit large increases followed by large decreases in population numbers.
limiting factors can be
density dependent or independent
density dependent limiting facotrs are
-competition: food, mates, nesting sites
-predators, parasites, pathogens
density independent limiting factors are
abiotic factors
sunlight (energy)
temperature
rainfall
density dependent limiting factors
influnce pop. size