first pack Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical position

A

standing upright, face forward, arms at side with palms facing forward
descriptions of relative positions of structures to one another e.g. distal to (farther from) are based on anatomical position despite actual physical position of the body

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2
Q

• Supine

A

lying face upward in anatomical position

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3
Q

• Prone

A

lying face downward

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4
Q

• Superior

A

above

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5
Q

inferior

A

below

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6
Q

• Anterior

A

front surface

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7
Q

o Ventral

A

on belly side (in humans is synonymous to anterior)

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8
Q

• Posterior

A

back surface

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9
Q

dorsal

A

= back - in humans is synonymous to posterior

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10
Q

• Cephalic

A

toward the head - in humans is synonymous to superior

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11
Q

caudal

A

= toward the tail (end of the spinal cord)

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12
Q

Proximal

A

closer (nearest) to an attached base

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13
Q

Distal

A

farther (distant) from

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14
Q

Medial

A

toward the middle

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15
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline – i.e. toward the edges

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16
Q

superficial

A

= close to the surface of the body

17
Q

• Deep

A

toward the interior of the body

18
Q

Axial (Central) Region:

A
  • Head/Cephalon
  • Neck/Cervicis
  • Trunk
19
Q

Trunk divided into

A

o Thorax = chest

o Abdomen = region between thorax and pelvis

20
Q

Abdomen is divided into 4 main quadrants

A
4 quadrants 
•	Right upper quadrant
•	Right lower quadrant
•	Left upper quadrant
•	Left lower quadrant
21
Q

Abdomen can also be divided into 9 region

A

nine regions
• Right Hypochondriac (hypo = under/below, chondr = cartilage)
• Epigastric (epi = on/upon, gastro = stomach)
• Left Hypochondriac
• Right Lumbar (refers to lumbar vertebrae)
• Umbilical
• Left Lumbar
• Right inguinal (refers to the groin area)
• Hypogastric
• Left inguinal

22
Q

arm

A

branchium

shoulder to elbow

23
Q

forearm

A

anebranchium

elbow to wrist

24
Q

wrist

25
hand
manus
26
thigh
femur | hip to knee
27
leg
crus | knee to ankle
28
ankle
tarsus
29
foot
pes
30
Body Cavities
internal chambers in which many vital organs suspended
31
• Thoracic Cavity
surrounded by ribs and separated from abdominal cavity by the diaphragm o divided into right and left pleural cavities separated by the mediastinum
32
o pleural cavities
serous membranes and cavity associated with each lung | • pleurisy = inflammation of pleura
33
o mediastinum (middle wall)
mass of connective tissue that surrounds, stabilizes and protects the heart in the pericardial cavity, thymus, trachea, esophagus, and some blood vessels and nerves
34
• Abdominopelvic Cavity
below the diaphragm and contains peritoneal cavity
35
o peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum – membrane lining the cavity
36
o Abdominal Cavity
enclosed by abdominal muscles | • contains the stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys
37
o Pelvic Cavity
= area encased by pelvic bones | • contains the urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, internal reproductive organs