first pack Flashcards
Anatomical position
standing upright, face forward, arms at side with palms facing forward
descriptions of relative positions of structures to one another e.g. distal to (farther from) are based on anatomical position despite actual physical position of the body
• Supine
lying face upward in anatomical position
• Prone
lying face downward
• Superior
above
inferior
below
• Anterior
front surface
o Ventral
on belly side (in humans is synonymous to anterior)
• Posterior
back surface
dorsal
= back - in humans is synonymous to posterior
• Cephalic
toward the head - in humans is synonymous to superior
caudal
= toward the tail (end of the spinal cord)
Proximal
closer (nearest) to an attached base
Distal
farther (distant) from
Medial
toward the middle
lateral
away from the midline – i.e. toward the edges
superficial
= close to the surface of the body
• Deep
toward the interior of the body
Axial (Central) Region:
- Head/Cephalon
- Neck/Cervicis
- Trunk
Trunk divided into
o Thorax = chest
o Abdomen = region between thorax and pelvis
Abdomen is divided into 4 main quadrants
4 quadrants • Right upper quadrant • Right lower quadrant • Left upper quadrant • Left lower quadrant
Abdomen can also be divided into 9 region
nine regions
• Right Hypochondriac (hypo = under/below, chondr = cartilage)
• Epigastric (epi = on/upon, gastro = stomach)
• Left Hypochondriac
• Right Lumbar (refers to lumbar vertebrae)
• Umbilical
• Left Lumbar
• Right inguinal (refers to the groin area)
• Hypogastric
• Left inguinal
arm
branchium
shoulder to elbow
forearm
anebranchium
elbow to wrist
wrist
carpus