Facial bone Flashcards
• Maxilla (upper jaw)
anterior and inferior to zygomatic bone
o orbital surface = protection for the eye
o infraorbital foramen
passageway for major sensory nerve from face and penetrates orbit rim
o frontal process
articulates with frontal bone and nasal bone
o alveolar process
contains superior set of teeth
o maxillary sinuses
= largest sinuses of skull
o palatine processes
form most of the bony palate (roof) of the mouth
• cleft lip
occurs when maxillary bones don’t form normally
• cleft palate
- occurs when palatine processes of maxillary bones don’t fuse with one another
• produces opening between oral and nasal cavities making it difficult to eat, drink or speak
• Palatine bones
small L-shaped bones that articulate with the maxillae to form posterior portions of bony palate
o nasal crest – articulates with vomer bone
• Nasal bones
articulates with frontal bone superiorly and maxillae laterally
o cartilage attaches to inferior margin
• Inferior nasal conchae
paired scroll-like bones attached to palatine bone in lateral wall of nasal cavity
• Zygomatic bone
cheek bone (surface anatomy landmark) o articulates with sphenoid bone posteriorly, temporal bone laterally and maxillae medially
• Lacrimal bones
sits medially in orbit and articulates with frontal bone, maxilla and ethmoid
o lacrimal groove leads to lacrimal canal formed by maxilla and lacrimal bone and encloses tear duct that empties into nasal cavity
• Vomer bone
forms inferior portion of nasal septum
• Mandible
inferior to maxilla and articulates posteriorly with temporal bone
o body – extends anterioposteriorly
• alveolar process
contains inferior set of teeth
• mentalis
chin
• mental foramen (2)
on either side of mentalis
• passageway for sensory nerves from chin and lower lip
o angle of the mandible
where body of mandible meets with rami of mandible
o ramus
extends superiorly from body to temporal bone and superior end contains:
• condylar process (posteriorly) – articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal bone
• coronoid process – attachment point for temporalis muscle
• mandibular foramen – medial surface of ramus
• passageway for blood vessels and nerves supplying the lower teeth
Orbital complex
seven bones the fit together to form each orbit and has attachment points for muscles that rotate eyes
• orbit
cone-shaped fossa with apex directed posteriorly
o enclose and protect eyes
o contain lacrimal glands, adipose tissue, blood vessels, nerves and eye muscles
Nasal complex
bones and cartilage that enclose nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
• nasal cavity
pear-shaped opening anteriorly in mid-line of face
o nasal septum
connection between right and left halves
• vomer bone and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and hyaline cartilage
o superior wall
frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones
o lateral walls
maxillae, lacrimal, ethmoid and inferior conchae bones
o bridge of nose
= nasal bones (medial portion), maxillary bones (lateral portion)
• paranasal sinuses
– several bones of the face with large air-filled cavities within them that open into the nasal cavity
o located within frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones
• lighten weight of bones, produce mucus and act as resonance chambers during voice production
