Axial skeleton

Question 1

axial skeleton

Answer 1

skull and associated bones, thoracic cage, and vertebral column
• protects brain and spinal cord and vital organs within the thorax
• attachment site for muscles that allow stabilization of body and positional and respiratory movements
• red marrow of vertebrae, sternum and ribs produce blood cells

Question 2

skull

Answer 2

contains 22 separate bones

• houses special sense organs – eyes (vision), ears (hearing, equilibrium), tongue and palate (taste), nose (smell)

Question 3

cranium

Answer 3

8 bones that enclose cranial cavity (Fig 6.2)

o surrounds and protects brain

Question 4

o calvaria (cranial vault)

Answer 4

top of the skull (skull cap)

– occipital, parietal and frontal bones

Question 5

facial bone

Answer 5

14 bones

o protect and support entrances to digestive and respiratory tract

Question 6

mandible

Answer 6

detaches readily from rest of the skull

Question 7

• sutures

Answer 7

immovable joints and mark the boundaries between skull bones

Question 8

major sutures of the cranium

Answer 8

o	Lambdoid suture 
o	Sagittal suture 
o	Coronal suture 
o	Squamous sutures 
o	Frontonasal suture

Question 9

Lambdoid suture

Answer 9

– joins occipital bone posteriorly located to parietal bones

•occasionally extra sutural (Wormian) bones form along suture

Question 10

Sagittal suture

Answer 10

joins 2 halves of parietal bones together along the midline of the skull
• runs between lambdoid suture posteriorly and coronal suture anteriorly

Question 11

Coronal suture

Answer 11

runs across the superior surface of the cranium joining the parietal bones posteriorly to the frontal bone anteriorly

Question 12

Squamous sutures

Answer 12

runs along each side of the cranium and join the parietal bones (2) superiorly to the temporal bones (2) inferiorly

Question 13

Frontonasal suture

Answer 13

boundary between superior aspect of nasal bones (2) of face and inferior aspect of frontal bone of cranium

Question 14

• Fontanels

Answer 14

• present in fetal and infant skulls
  o fibrous connective tissue connecting cranial bones prior to formation of sutures
  • flexible and skull can be distorted without damage during delivery
  • allows growth of brain and skull
  • sutures completed by age 5

Question 15

calvaria

Answer 15

top of the skull (skull cap)

occipital, parietal and frontal bones

Question 16

cranium

Answer 16

has 8 bones that enclose the cranial cavity

Question 17

facial bones #

Answer 17

14

Question 18

what does facial bones do ?

Answer 18

protect and support the entrance of digestive system and respiratory tract

Question 19

mandible ?

Answer 19

detaches readily from the rest of skull

Question 20

sutures

Answer 20

immovable joints and mark the boundaries between skull bones

Question 21

bones of the cranium ?

Answer 21

occipital bone (1) 
parietal (2)
frontal bone (1) 
temporal bone (2) 
sphenoid (1) 
ethmoid (1)