Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

antomy > Appendicular skeleton > Flashcards

Appendicular skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

= bones of upper limbs, lower limbs and pectoral and pelvic girdles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

• Pectoral Girdle

A

scapula and clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

dorsally located

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

clavicle

A

collar bone
ventrally located long bone with slight sigmoid (s-shaped) curve
o can be easily seen and felt
o sternal end articulates with manubrium
o acromial end – broader and flatter and articulates with acromion process of scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

scapula : body

A

broad triangle with 3 borders: superior, medial (vertebral), and lateral (axillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

scapula : o subscapular fossa

A

deep anterior surface of scapula that overlies the ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

scapula : o coracoid process

A

lateral and superior portion of anterior surface and projects anteriorly
• attachment site for short head of biceps brachii – muscle of the upper arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

scapula : o glenoid cavity (fossa)

A

cranially located on lateral surface – articulates with head of humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

scapula : o scapular spine

A

extends across posterior surface of scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

scapula : o acromion process

A

large flattened lateral portion of scapular spine
• forms protective cover for shoulder joint
• attachment site for clavicle
• attachment points for some shoulder muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

o supraspinous fossa

A

above scapular spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

o infraspinous fossa

A

– below scapular spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

upper limb

A

humerus, ulna, radius, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, and phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

humerus

A

only bone of arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

head , humerus

A

proximal end of the bone that articulates with glenoid cavity of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

greater tubercle of humerus

A

site of muscle attachment on lateral surface of proximal epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lesser tubercle of humerus

A

o - site of muscle attachment on anterior and medial surface of proximal epiphysis
♣ intertubercular sulcus (groove) – between two tubercles = contains tendon of biceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

A

o attachment site for deltoid muscle mid-way along lateral surface of shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

articular condyle of humerus

A

o on distal epiphysis composed of two parts:
♣ capitulum – rounded lateral portion – articulates with head of radius
♣ trochlea – medial pulley-like area – articulates with ulna
• coronoid fossa – immediately superior to trochlea on anterior surface
• olecranon fossa – immediately superior to trochlea on posterior surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus

A

o points of muscle attachment for forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ulna

A

– on medial side of forearm

22
Q

trochlear notch of ulna

A

o trochlear notch – c-shaped articular surface on proximal end that fits over trochlea of humerus
♣ olecranon process = superior and posterior portion of proximal epiphysis
• process easily felt – point forms “elbow”
♣ coronoid process = anterior process

23
Q

radial notch of ulna

A

lateral to coronoid process – articulates with head of radius

24
Q

head of ulna

A

o on distal end - articulates with radius and wrist bones

♣ styloid process – posteriomedial side – attachment site for ligaments of wrist

25
Q

radius

A

on lateral side (thumb-side) of forearm

26
Q

head of radius

A

o disc-shaped proximal end – articulates with capitulum of humerus
♣ lateral surface rotates against ulna

27
Q

radial tuberosity

A

attachment point for biceps brachii

28
Q

styloid process –

A

lateral side of the expanded distal end

29
Q

Carpals bones

A

o carpus (wrist) = two rows of four carpal bones

30
Q

proximal row for carpal bone

A

o lateral to medial: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform (located on palmar surface of triquetrum)
♣ scaphoid = most frequently fractured carpal bone – usually resulting from fall onto outstretched hand (clinical note p. 184)

31
Q

distal row for carpal bone

A

o lateral to medial: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (has hook process on palmar surface),

32
Q

mnemonic for carpal bone

A

o mnemonic for above order using the first letter for each carpal bone: Sam Likes To Push The Toy Car Hard
o carpal bones as group are convex posteriorly and concave anteriorly

33
Q

manus

A

metacarpals and phalanges

34
Q

Metacarpals (5)

A

o form the framework for the hand
♣ numbered by Roman numerals I-V from lateral (thumb side) to medial
♣ bones curve so palmer surface of hand in concave
wide proximal base articulate with distal row of carpals and distal heads with proximal phalanges

35
Q

Phalanges (14)

A

o bones that make up the digits – 1 thumb and 4 fingers
♣ pollex (thumb) – has two phalanges – proximal and distal
♣ fingers – have three phalanges – proximal, middle and distal

36
Q

Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

A

• bones generally thicker, longer and heavier than upper limb

37
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

• right and left coxal bones of appendicular skeleton and sacrum and coccyx of axial skeleton (Fig 7.11)

38
Q

Hip (Coxal) bones

A

right and left halves join anteriorly to each other at the pubis and posteriorly with sacrum
o formed from the fusion of three bones: ilium, ischium and pubis

39
Q

acetabulum (hip bone)

A

o fossa on lateral surface of pelvis formed by fusion of ilium, ischium and pubis
♣ articular surface is crescent shaped where head of the femur articulates

40
Q

ilium –

A

o broad, flat and curved dish-like portion
♣ iliac crest – on superior surface easily seen and palpated (Fig 7.10)
• anterior and posterior superior iliac spine = continuation of crest anteriorly and posteriorly
bony landmarks for gluteal injections

(hip bone )

41
Q

iliac fossa (hip bone )

A

large depression on medial side of ilium

42
Q

greater sciatic notch (hip bone)

A

♣ on posterior and inferior portion of ilium – sciatic nerve passes through it

43
Q

auricular surface (hip bone)

A

♣ joins with sacrum to form sacroiliac joint

• receives most of the weight of the upper body and strongly supported by ligaments

44
Q

ischium (hip bone)

A

♣ posterior, inferior and lateral positioning
• ischial spine – posterior to acetabulum superior to lesser sciatic notch
• ischial tuberosity – heavy posterolateral bony prominence that person sits on and where posterior thigh muscles attach

45
Q

pubis (hip bone)

A

o anterior and medial positioning
♣ pubic crest – roughened ridge located medially
• where abdominal muscles attach
♣ pubis symphysis – just inferior to pubic crest = junction between right and left coxal bones

46
Q

obturator foramen (hip bone)

A

o large opening enclosed by pubic and ischial rami

♣ in life – space closed by collagenous connective tissue that act as firm base for attachment of hip muscles

47
Q

Pelvis

A

ing of bone with hips forming anterior and lateral parts and sacrum and coccyx forming posterior part

48
Q

greater pelvis

A

o false pelvis formed by bladelike extensions of ilium

♣ encloses organs within the inferior portion of abdominal cavity

49
Q

lesser pelvis

A

o true pelvis – bony edge = pelvic brim
♣ pelvic inlet = superior opening into the true pelvis
♣ pelvic outlet = inferior opening of the pelvis
• in life, enclosed by perineum with pelvic muscles forming floor of pelvic cavity

50
Q

male pevis

A

o male – heavier (most robust) with prominent markings
♣ pelvic inlet and outlet smaller and heart shaped
♣ iliac fossa deeper
♣ sub-public angle <90%
♣ ischial spines closed together and point medially
♣ coccyx more concave

51
Q

female pelvis

A

o broader, shorter superior to inferior
♣ smoother and lighter
♣ larger oval-shaped pelvic inlet and outlet
♣ iliac fossa shallower
♣ sub-pubic angle >100%
♣ ischial spines further apart and point posteriorly
♣ coccyx straighter (less concave)

antomy (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions