First Hearings - Either-Way Offences Flashcards

1
Q

What is a defendant asked at first hearing when offence is triable either way?

A

To indicate their plea

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2
Q

What is the defendant supplied with at first hearing?

A

A copy of the initial details by the prosecutor

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3
Q

How is the D asked to indicate plea at first hearing?

A

Charge is written down and read out to D – D can then respond

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4
Q

What are the 3 options for indicating plea?

A

1) Guilty
2) Not guilty
3) No indication

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5
Q

What happens if D gives no indication?

A

This is treated as a not guilty indication

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6
Q

What is the first hearing referred to as?

A

A plea before venue

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7
Q

Before a D can indicate plea, what must they be warned about?

A

That they can be sentenced by the Magistrates court or committed to Crown Court for sentencing

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8
Q

What is an equivocal plea?

A

Saying you are guilty but relying on a defence / denying an element of the offence

GBH – Guilty, but I was acting in self defence
Theft – Guilty, but I was going to give it back

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9
Q

What will an equivocal guilty plea be treated as?

A

Not guilty

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10
Q

What happens once a D pleads guilty?

A

The Courts will proceed to sentencing.

The Magistrates will either sentence or commit to Crown Court for sentencing

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11
Q

If powers are sufficient by Magistrates, what happens when it is time for sentencing?

A

May be passed immediately, or adjourned for preparation of pre-sentence report

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12
Q

If a case is adjourned for preparation of a PSR, what must the court ensure?

A

That it does not create expectation that offender will be sentenced in magistrates’ if there is possibility of committal.

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13
Q

When would a Magistrates’ Court order a PSR for use by Crown Court?

A
  • Realistic alternative to custodial sentence; or
  • D may be a dangerous offender; or
  • There is some other appropriate reason for doing so
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14
Q

What is allocation in not guilty plea?

A

When the court moves on to consider where the trial will be held.

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15
Q

How does a court decide on allocation?

A

Using the allocation guideline

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16
Q

What does the allocation guideline say on either way offences?

A

Should be tried summarily unless:

1) Sentencing powers insufficient
a. Keeping in mind they have power to commit to sentence
2) Reasons of unusual legal, procedural or factual complexity

17
Q

What is sentencing maximum of Magistrates court?

A
  1. 6 months for single either-way offence
  2. 12 months for more than one either-way offences
18
Q

So even though Magistrates can trial but then commit sentencing to Crown Court, when could they reject trial altogether in the absence of legal / factual complexity?

A

If the offence was clearly so serious that only Crown Court should have power to deal with it

19
Q

What is done at allocation hearing?

A

Court will take into account submissions of the parties, and then decide on allocation. Prosecution, then Defendant

20
Q

What does the prosecution do at allocation hearing?

A
  • Open with facts
  • Outline D’s offending history
  • Submissions as to where trial should be in light of guidelines
  • Will look at nature and seriousness, and mitigating / aggravating factors
21
Q

What does the defence do at allocation hearing?

A
  • Make submissions to venue
  • Agree with prosecution on things they agree with
  • If they disagree on prosecution that case should be held at Crown Court, they will need to make full persuasive submissions
22
Q

What happens if Magistrates’ Court allocates case to Crown Court?

A

The next appearance will be there. The D has no right to elect Magistrates.

23
Q

What happens if Magistrates’ Court retains jurisdiction?

A

D can consent to having it at Magistrates, or elect to trial by jury.

24
Q

Can a case tried summarily be committed to Crown Court for sentencing?

A

Yes, it can.

25
Q

Can D ask for an indication of sentence if they were to plead guilty?

A

Yes, they can

26
Q

What happens if the D asks for an indication of sentence if they were to plead guilty?

A

Court has discretion. They can also decline to give an indication.

27
Q

What could an indication of sentence include?

A

Only whether it would be custodial or non-custodial.

28
Q

What happens if they ask for indication, and one is given?

A

They can change their plea, and the process will be as if they pleaded guilty from the start.

29
Q

Is an indication binding?

A

If non-custodial sentence is indicated, it will be binding on any later magistrates’ court.

30
Q

What is election of court?

A

The Magistrates’ will ask for consent to magistrates’ trial, or whether they wish to elect to trial by a jury in Crown Court.

D will be told that even if summary trial, court will have power to commit them to Crown Court for sentencing.

31
Q

What is a D’s legal representative advice on elect trial on indictment?

A
  1. Acquittal rate higher in Crown Court
  2. Separate tribunals of law can be advantageous
  3. Crown Court doesn’t mean harsher sentence
32
Q

What is advice on consent to summary trial?

A
  1. Less formal
  2. Less waiting time
  3. Quicker trial
  4. D does not need to serve defence statement
  5. Less expensive
  6. Magistrates need to provide reasons – a jury doesn’t
  7. Less sentencing power than Crown (although they can commit to Crown Court for sentencing)
33
Q

What is first step in election of Crown Court?

A

Court will complete Case Management Questionnaire

34
Q

What is the exception to the rule that summary is a Magistrates, either way is either and indictable is only at Crown?

A

If it’s a ‘special case’

35
Q

What is the meaning of special case?

A

Certain offences, although either-way, may only be tried summarily based on the case

36
Q

What are 4 main special cases in election of court?

A
  1. Low value shoplifting
  2. Criminal damage
  3. Complex Fraud
  4. Where Children are witnesses
37
Q

When can low-value shoplifting be dealt with at Crown Court?

A

Only if more than £200

38
Q

When can criminal damage be dealt with the Crown Court?

A

Only if over £5,000; or
Caused by fire

39
Q

What constitutes complex fraud?

A

If two of the following are present:

1) Amount exceeds £500,000
2) Significant international dimension
3) Case requires specialised knowledge
4) Numerous victims
5) Substantial and significant fraud on public body
6) Likely to be of widespread public concern and endanger economic well-being of UK