First Aid Nutrition: B Vitamins Flashcards
Water Solubles that we need to know. Do they all just wash out since they are water soluble? (guess what I’m thinking, just like in ethics)
B - 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12 (9 and 12 are stored in the liver so we don’t ditch these very easily)
Also, Vitamin C, ascorbic acid
B- complex issues often result in this triad:
Dermatitis, glossitis, and diarrhea
What does Vitamin A (retinol) do and where do we find it?
It’s in liver and leafy vegetables.
- Antioxidant
- Visual pigments (retin-AL)
- Prevents squamos metAplasia
- Used to treat AML
- Helps epithelial cells through normal differentiation to specialized tissue like pAncreatic cells
Deficiency in Vitamin A leads to:
- Night blindness and corneal degeneration (remember the pigment?)
- Dry scaly skin (remember how it prevents squamos metaplasia?)
- Alopecia (like chArlie)
If I have too much Vitamin A, some bad things can happen in addition to some of the things we see in deficiencies. Name 3.
- Arthralgias
- Skin changes (scaly)
- Cerebral edema
- osteoporosis
- Teratogenic (so we can’t use Vitamin A to treat acne until we have done a pregnancy test. Mind = Blown)
- Hepatic issues (yea no shit)
What is B1 also called and what does it do for us
Thiamine
Part of Thiamine pyrophosphate, which is important for many dehydrogenase reactions
- Think A.T.P.
A. (alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase,
T. transketolase (when we give someone B1 who is low, this is the first enzyme to spike in the blood)
P. Pyruvate dehydrogenase)
How do we get Thiamine deficiencies and how do they present?
Booze and malnutrition.
Causes impaired glucose breakdown, and highly aerobic tissues are affected first (like the brain and heart).
- Wernicke-Korsakoff = Confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia
- Dry Beriberi (muscle wasting, polyneuritis)
- Wet Beriberi (high output cardiac failure) and edema
Ber1 Ber1
What is B2 also called? What does it do? What happens if we don’t have enough? Why does Chelsea sleep in class?
Riboflavin.
Part of Flavins: FAD and FMN. Used as a cofactor for redox reactions.
Deficiency leads to Cheilosis (Inflammation of lips and scaly looking sides of your mouth) and Corneal vascularization. (FA says “remember the 2C’s of B2”)
She sleeps in class because she is anemic.
The other name for B3 and why we care about it
Niacin, derived from Tryptophan.
Part of NAD+ and lowers levels of VLDL to raise HDL.
There are two vitamins needed to make B3 what are they?
B2 and B6 are needed to make B3 (6/3 = 2)
I do not have enough B3. What is going to happen to me?
Glossitis which leads to Pellagra (3 D’s of B3)
- Diarrhea
- Dementia
- Dermatitis
Oops, too much Niacin, what is gonna happen?
My face is gonna get flushed, my blood sugar is going up and I’m gonna be hyperuricemic.
I don’t think I’ve ever even heard of Vitamin B5, what is it also called and why do we care?
Pantothenate (b5 = panto = pento)
Essential part of Coenzyme A.
Deficiency leads to dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency
What’s the other name for B6, what does it do, and what happens when we don’t have enough?
Pyridoxine
Helps with formation of a lot of neurotransmitters and is converted to pyridoxal phosphate, a cofactor for important transaminations like ALT/AST.
Without this stuff, you get convulsions, neuropathy, sideroblastic anemia (recall this is a cofactor for generating heme! Remember ALAS needs it!)
Other name for B7, what it does, what happens when we lose it
Biotin
Cofactor for carboxylating to add 1 carbon group.
Really hard to have a deficiency in this, but if you do because of antibiotic use or ingesting too many raw eggs, you can get dermatitis, alopecia, and enteritis (Raw eggs will make you scaly, balding, and gurgly)
