6/26 - Nutrition: Vitamins, Minerals, Micronutrients - Deficiency States

Question 1

Make sure you read the First Aid Cards. They contain the majority of this information in a better way.

Answer 1

The only thing in this deck is information not in First Aid that they presented on, so while not on the NBME, it may show up on the Faculty

Question 2

Coenzyme A carries _______

Answer 2

Coenzyme A carries acyl groups

A is for Acyl

Central to energy metabolism,
fatty acid metabolism,
synthesis of cholesterol,
steroid hormones,
bile acids,
all isoprene compounds

Question 3

Physiologic effects of 1,25 dihydroxy Vit D

Answer 3

together with PTH, maintains normal Ca levels in blood

1. Stimulates intestinal Ca (and P) absorption
2. Increase renal Ca retention (tubular reabsorption)
3. Increases osteoclast activity in bone

Question 4

Function of Zinc

Answer 4

Component of many
enzymese.g.,
Metalloproteinases,
Zn fingers, etc

Question 5

How do we get Zinc Deficient

Answer 5

Inadequate supplementation
in artificial diets Interference
with absorption by other
dietary constituents Inborn
error of metabolism

Question 6

Clinical Presentation of Zinc Deficiency

Answer 6

Rash around eyes, mouth, nose, and
anus called acrodermatitis enteropathica
Anorexia and diarrhea, Growth retardation
in children, Depressed mental function,
Depressed wound healing and immune
response Impaired night vision, Infertility

Question 7

Function of iodine, why we become deficient, and what it causes?

Answer 7

Component of
thyroid hormone

Inadequate supply
in food and water

Goiter and
hypothyroidism

Question 8

Copper Deficiency leads to what

Answer 8

Muscle weakness

Neurologic defects

Abnormal collagen
cross-linking

Question 9

Not enough fluoride leads to what

Answer 9

Dental caries

Question 10

Function of Selenium

Answer 10

Antioxidant, component

of glutathione peroxidase

Question 11

Consequences of low Selenium

Answer 11

Myopathy,
Cardiomyopathy,
Keshan Disease