First Aid 269-292

Question 1

S1

Answer 1

mitral and tricuspid valves close

Question 2

S2

Answer 2

aortic and pulmonic valves close

loudest at left upper sternal border

Question 3

S3 suggests

Answer 3

increased filling pressures ie mitral regurgitation, HF;

common in dilated ventricles

Question 4

S4 suggests

Answer 4

high atrial pressure
atrial “kick” in late diastole, best heard at apex in left lateral decubitus position
associated with ventricular noncompliance;
LA must push against stiff LV wall

Question 5

Inspiration increases what heart sounds?

Answer 5

Right heart sound intensity bc increasing the venous return to the RA

Question 6

Hand grip increases what heart sounds?

Answer 6

Intensity of MR, AR and VSD murmurs bc increasing afterload;

hand grip DECREASES hypertrophic cardiomyopathy murmurs

Question 7

Aortic stenosis sounds like

Answer 7

crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur

Question 8

Mitral or tricuspid regurgitation sounds like

Answer 8

Holosystolic, high-pitched “blowing murmur”

Question 9

MVP sounds like

Answer 9

Late systolic crescendo murmur with midsystolic click

Question 10

VSD sounds like

Answer 10

Holosystolic, harsh-sounding murmur

Question 11

Aortic regurgitation sounds like

Answer 11

high-pitched “blowing” early diastolic decrescendo murmur

Question 12

Mitral stenosis sounds like

Answer 12

delayed, rumbling, late diastolic murmur with opening snap

Question 13

PDA sounds like

Answer 13

continuous machine-like murmur

Question 14

Acetylcholine and adenosine have what effect on HR?

Answer 14

Lower it, by decreasing the rate of diastolic depolarization