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Step Random Tidbits > First Aid 125-148 > Flashcards

First Aid 125-148 Flashcards

1
Q

Infection of liver capsule and violin-string adhesions to the peritoneum

A

complication of PID and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Fitz-Hughes-Curtis syndrome

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2
Q

Pertussis toxin disables

A

Gi

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3
Q

EHEC (dysentery) is different from other E. Coli strains in that

A

It does not ferment sorbitol

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4
Q

Rose spots on abdomen
Constipation
Fever
Abdominal pain

A

Typhoid fever
Salmonella typhi
Tx fluoroquinolone, ceftriaxone
Immune response - primarily monocytes

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5
Q 
myalgias (of calves);
jaundice;
photophobia;
flu-like symptoms;
conjunctival suffusion (no exudate)
A

Leptospirosis

animal urine

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6
Q

Severe leptospirosis w/ liver dysfunction, azotemia, fever, hemorrhage, anemia

A

Weil disease

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7
Q 
False positive VDRL with:
V
D
R
L
A

Viral infections (ie EBV, hepatitis)
Drugs
Rheumatic fever
Lupus/leprosy

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8
Q

Direction of rash in typhus

A

Starts centrally, spreads outward, sparing palms and soles;

Rickettsia typhi

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9
Q

3 organisms that cause rash on palms and soles

A

Rickettsia rickettsii
Cocksackie A virus
Treponema palladium

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10
Q

Monocytes with morulae

A

Mulberry-like inclusions

Erlichiosis

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11
Q

Granulocytes with morulae

A

Anaplsmosis

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12
Q

Most common cause of culture negative endocarditis

A

Coxiella burnetti

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13
Q

Coccidiodes is dimorphic but forms what in tissue, instead of a yeast?

A

Spherule

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14
Q

Eruptive skin xanthomas
Acute pancreatitis
lipemia retinalis
hepatosplenomegaly

A

Familial chylomicronmia
no increased risk of CAD
creamy supernatant blood sample

deficient LPL, and ApoC-II
elevated chylomicrons

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15
Q

Pyruvate kinase deficiency causes chronic hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly and iron overload as a result of

A

impaired RBC survival

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16
Q

The two most important factors for osteoclast differentiation

A

Macrophage colony stimulating-factor (M-CSF)
receptor for activated nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANK-L)
both produced by osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells

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17
Q

What cytokines are necessary to mediate the Th1 response (granuloma formation) in TB?

A

IL-12, interferon-gamma and TNF-alpha

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18
Q

What hypothalamic nucleus

Circadian rhythm regulation and pineal gland function

A

Suprachiasmatic

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19
Q

What hypothalamic nucleus

Secretion of ADH and oxytocin

A

Supraoptic

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20
Q

What hypothalamic nucleus

ADH, corticotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone secretion

A

Paraventricular

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21
Q

What hypothalamic nucleus

Secretion of dopamine (inhibits prolactin), growth hormone-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone

A

Arcuate

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22
Q

What hypothalamic nucleus

Mediates heat conservation, destruction leads to hypothermia

A

Posterior

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23
Q

What hypothalamic nucleus

Mediates heat dissipation, destruction leads to hyperthermia

A

Anterior

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24
Q

What hypothalamic nucleus

Mediates hunger, destruction leads to anorexia

A

Lateral

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25
Q

What hypothalamic nucleus

Mediates satiety, destruction leads to hyperphagia

A

Ventromedial

26
Q

Defects in MSH2, MLH1, MSH6 and PMS2
Name of syndrome
Cancers caused

A

Lynch syndrome

colorectal, endometrial, ovarian

27
Q

Aspergillus branches at

A

45 degree angles

Immunocompromised and CGD at risk populations

28
Q

Bronchiectasis and eosinophilia
hypersensitivity response
associated with asthma, cystic fibrosis

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)

29
Q

Soap bubble lesions on brain

Give organism, how to culture, how to stain, how to diagnoise

A 
Cryptococcus neoformans (not dimorphic);
India ink or mucicarmine red stain;
Lates agglutination test for polysaccharide capsule;
Cryptococcal encephalitis or meningitis;
Inhalation with hematogenous spread;
Found in soil, pigeon droppings
Culture on Sabouraud agar
30
Q

Disc like yeast on methenamine silver stain;

Diffuse, bilateral ground-glass opacities on CXR/CT

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

31
Q

Dimorphic;

Cigar-shaped, budding yeast that grows in branching hyphae with rosettes of conidia

A

Sporothrix schenckii

Tx itraconazole or potassium iodide

32
Q

Protozoan that causes fatty stool

A

Giardia lamblia

multinucleated trophozoites or cysts in stool

33
Q

Anchovy paste exudate on liver

A

Entaemoeba histolytica;
Histology shows flask-shaped ulcer;
Trophozoites with engulfed RBCs

34
Q

What treatment for cryptosporidium in immunocompetent hosts?

A

Nitazoxanide

35
Q

What two organisms penetrate the cribiform plate?

A

Mucor;

Naegleria - amoebas in spinal fluid

36
Q

Enlarged lymph nodes;
Recurring fever due to antigenic variation;
Somnolence;
Coma

A

Trypanosoma brucei;
Tse tse fly bite is painful;
Trypomastigote on blood smear

37
Q

Tx for African sleeping sickness

A

Suramin for blood-borne disease;

Melarsoprol for CNS penetration

38
Q

Schnuffer stippling of RBCs

What organisms?

A

P vivax, P ovale;

tertian (1st and 3rd) cycle

39
Q

P. malariae has what fever cycle?

A

72 hours - quartan

40
Q

MOA Chloroquine

A

blocks plasmodium heme polymerase

41
Q

What two malaria medications require prior testing for G6PD deficiency before administration?

A

Primaquine (for hypnozoites);

Artesunate - IV - for life-threatening illness

42
Q

Romana sign, unilateral periorbital swelling, is a sign of the acute phase of:
Treat with “CRUZing in my BENZ with a FUR coat on” - explain

A

Chagas disease - Trypanosoma cruzi

Treat with Benznidazole, Nifurtimox

43
Q

Macrophages containing amastigotes

Organism, Treatment

A

Leishmania donovani

Ampho B, Sodium stibogluconate

44
Q

Nematode that can cause intestinal infection with possible obstruction at ileocecal valve

A

Ascaris lumbricoides aka giant roundworm

45
Q

Nematode that can cause intestinal infection that can mimic a peptic ulcer

A

Strongyloides stercoralis aka threadworm;
Larvae in soil penetrate skin;
Tx albendaole or ivermectin

46
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans is a pruritic, serpiginous rash from walking barefoot on a contaminated beach

A

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms, a kind of nematode = roundworm);
Tx bendaoles, pyrantel pamoate

47
Q

Why myalgia in trichinosis?

A

Larvae enter bloodstream and encyst in striated muscle;
Tx bendazoles;
Trichinella spiralis is a roundworm;
Also causes periorbital edema

48
Q

Cause of elephantiasis;

Treatment

A

Wuchereria bancrofti;
Female mosquito;
Tx diethylcarbamazine (same tx as for loa loa infection)

49
Q

Echinococcus granulosus is a tapeworm (cestode) that causes hytatid cysts in the liver. What is a complication of this infection?

A

Anaphylaxis if antigens are released - inject cysts with ethanol or hypertonic saline before removal;
Transmission - ingestion of eggs from dog feces;
Sheep are intermediate hosts;
Tx albendazole

50
Q

Treatment for trematodes (flukes)

A

Praziquantel

Also good for most tapeworms (cestodes)

51
Q

Infection with what fluke causes pigmented gallstones and is associated with cholangiocarcinoma

A

Clonorchis sinensis - from undercooked fish

52
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus cause intestional infection with

A

microcytic anemia

53
Q

Associate what parasites with portal hypertension?

A

Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosome japonicum

54
Q

Relapsing fever

A

Borrelia recurrentis - louse

variable surface antigens

55
Q

Source of psitacosis

A

Parrots

Chlamydia psittaci

56
Q

All DNA viruses are dsDNA except

A

Parvovirus - ssDNA

57
Q

All DNA viruses are linear except

A

Papilloma
Polyoma
Hepadnaviruses
Circular)

58
Q

All RNA viruses are ssRNA except

A

Reoviridae

59
Q

All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except

A

Poxvirus

60
Q

All RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except

A

Influenza and Retroviruses

61
Q

BK virus

A

Polyomavirus - transplant patients, targets kidneys (“Bad Kidneys”)

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