First Aid Flashcards

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1
Q

Sudden illness

A

Heart attack
Asthma attack
Anaphylaxis
Diabetic emergency
Seizures
Shock
Opioid overdose
Stroke

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2
Q

heart attack

A

-lack of oxygenated blood to the heart

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3
Q

stroke

A

-0 lack of oxygenated blood to the brain

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4
Q

signs and symptoms

A

Trouble breathing
Pain (chest pain, abdominal pain or headache)
Changes in level of responsiveness
Extreme fatigue
Light-headedness or dizziness
nausea , vomiting, diarrhea or stomach cramps
Fever
Paleness of skin/loss of color
Problems seeing or speaking
Numbness, weakness, paralysis
Seizures

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5
Q

Line of questioning for patient assessment

A

-OPQRST
-SAMPLE

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6
Q

OPQRST

A

Onset
Provocation/paliative - what makes it better or worse?
Quality
Region/radiation - where is the pain and does it shoot to another place?
Severity -
Time - how long has this been going on or when did it occur?

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7
Q

SAMPLE

A

Signs & symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last oral intake
Events leading up to present injury

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8
Q

stroke acronym

A

(fast)
Face - drooping/weakness
Arm - can’t move/weakness
Speech - may be slurred
Time - understand how long it has been

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9
Q

TIA

A
  • transient ischemic attack (mini stroke)
    -Can blackout for a few minutes
    -Can be slurred speech for a few minutes
    These are warning signs and this person needs to be seen by a physician immediately
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10
Q

shock

A

-Disorder of the circulatory system - not enough oxygenated blood going to vital organs throughout the body
-Can happen from variety of reasons
-In order to get blood to other organs it will pull blood away from the skin, can start to look pale
-Pulse rate will go up but will be weaker

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11
Q

shocks

A

-anaphylactic
-metabolic
-hemmorhagic
-septic
-psychological
-respiratory shock

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12
Q

anaphylactic shock

A
  • allergic reaction; from food, exposure to something
    Localized - right in one area
    Systemic - throughout the whole body
    Becomes a concern when starting to close airway
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13
Q

metabolic shock

A
  • most commonly from diabetes
    Hypoglycemic
    Hyperglycemic
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14
Q

psychological shock

A

-panic attack: acute
-anxiety attack: tends to build up

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15
Q

respiratory shock

A

-asthma
-need an inhaler as the AT
-rescue inhaler- albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin
-beta 2 agonist- dilates the respiratory muscles

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16
Q

calming down from shock

A

-position of comfort
-Losing consciousness - laying on their back, feet 2-6 inches above the ground (no spinal injury)
-Maintain normal body temperature
-if oxygen is available, use it

17
Q

diabetic emergency

A

-If you recognize signs and symptoms of a diabetic emergency and the person is not fully awake and alert, always call 911 and get equipment before giving care
-If the person is awake and alert, you can get equipment and give them oral sugar before calling 911
-If symptoms don’t get better after giving sugar than call 911
-If you are unsure, safest approach is to always call 911 and then equipment and give care

18
Q

signs and symptoms of diabetic emergency

A

Trouble breathing
Fast or deep breathing
Kussmaul breathing - fast labored breathing
Ketones - crystalline structures in the blood or the urine
Feeling weak
Sweating

19
Q

recognizing life-threatening bleeding

A

-Direct pressure - hand them something to control bleeding, put your gloves on, then take over pressure and once it is done then wrap it
-Should have a tourniquet
-Gets put on about 2-3 inches above the wound - needs to be tight
-Should be some type of mechanism to tighten it (belt, pull it, etc.)
-Wrap distal to proximal
-Flow or spurting is a sing of life-threatening bleeding

20
Q

burns

A

-rule of nines: breaks body up into percentages
-never pop blister burns
-if its dry, keep it dry, moist keep it moist
-wounds and burns do better covred
-never use ice, ice water, or, a freezing cold compress to cool a burn

21
Q

head neck spinal injuries

A
  • check call care
    -keep victim in same position unless they need to be moved
    -maintain body temp
22
Q

concussion

A

-Dizziness
-Loss of consciousness
-Headache
-Confusion
-blurred/double vision
-Nausea
-Vomiting
-Seizures
-Memory loss
-Inability to do activities they previously could

23
Q

heart related illness

A

-sickle cell trait is at a much higher risk for dehydration

24
Q

heat cramps

A

calf is most common
-muscle note enough oxygenated blood
-most benign
-stop activity, get them hydrated

25
Q

heat exhaustion

A

-get fluids
-ice or cold pack
-body temp becomes important to monitor

26
Q

heat stroke

A

-nausea vomiting, not feeling well, decreased level of consciousness, sweating
-evaporation cools the body, not sweating
-body temp important to monitor (105 or greater cool to 102)
-immerse in cold water if possible 40-50 degrees

27
Q

hypothermia

A

-check, call, care
-low body temperature
-remove person to a warmer place and remove any wet clothes
-frost nio\p

28
Q

frost bite

A
  • is a burn, treat as a burn
    -1st degree-warm water (100-110 degrees)
    -can also get this from moisture/wet, prolonged exposure
29
Q

ligtning

A

-flash to bang theory
-count the number of seconds divide by 5

30
Q

poison exposure

A

-call Ems
-call poison control center
-1800-22-1222
-any substance that causes injury, illness or death if it enters the body
-abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal skin color and sweating, trouble breathing, fast or slow HR, seizures, headache, dizziness, or weakness

31
Q

pulse ox symmetry

A

oxygen saturation level (should be 100) and HR