First Aid

Question 1

Sudden illness

Answer 1

Heart attack
Asthma attack
Anaphylaxis
Diabetic emergency
Seizures
Shock
Opioid overdose
Stroke

Question 2

heart attack

Answer 2

-lack of oxygenated blood to the heart

Question 3

stroke

Answer 3

-0 lack of oxygenated blood to the brain

Question 4

signs and symptoms

Answer 4

Trouble breathing
Pain (chest pain, abdominal pain or headache)
Changes in level of responsiveness
Extreme fatigue
Light-headedness or dizziness
nausea , vomiting, diarrhea or stomach cramps
Fever
Paleness of skin/loss of color
Problems seeing or speaking
Numbness, weakness, paralysis
Seizures

Question 5

Line of questioning for patient assessment

Answer 5

-OPQRST
-SAMPLE

Question 6

OPQRST

Answer 6

Onset
Provocation/paliative - what makes it better or worse?
Quality
Region/radiation - where is the pain and does it shoot to another place?
Severity -
Time - how long has this been going on or when did it occur?

Question 7

SAMPLE

Answer 7

Signs & symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last oral intake
Events leading up to present injury

Question 8

stroke acronym

Answer 8

(fast)
Face - drooping/weakness
Arm - can’t move/weakness
Speech - may be slurred
Time - understand how long it has been

Question 9

TIA

Answer 9

• transient ischemic attack (mini stroke)
  -Can blackout for a few minutes
  -Can be slurred speech for a few minutes
  These are warning signs and this person needs to be seen by a physician immediately

Question 10

shock

Answer 10

-Disorder of the circulatory system - not enough oxygenated blood going to vital organs throughout the body
-Can happen from variety of reasons
-In order to get blood to other organs it will pull blood away from the skin, can start to look pale
-Pulse rate will go up but will be weaker

Question 11

shocks

Answer 11

-anaphylactic
-metabolic
-hemmorhagic
-septic
-psychological
-respiratory shock

Question 12

anaphylactic shock

Answer 12

• allergic reaction; from food, exposure to something
  Localized - right in one area
  Systemic - throughout the whole body
  Becomes a concern when starting to close airway

Question 13

metabolic shock

Answer 13

• most commonly from diabetes
  Hypoglycemic
  Hyperglycemic

Question 14

psychological shock

Answer 14

-panic attack: acute
-anxiety attack: tends to build up

Question 15

respiratory shock

Answer 15

-asthma
-need an inhaler as the AT
-rescue inhaler- albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin
-beta 2 agonist- dilates the respiratory muscles

Question 16

calming down from shock

Answer 16

-position of comfort
-Losing consciousness - laying on their back, feet 2-6 inches above the ground (no spinal injury)
-Maintain normal body temperature
-if oxygen is available, use it

Question 17

diabetic emergency

Answer 17

-If you recognize signs and symptoms of a diabetic emergency and the person is not fully awake and alert, always call 911 and get equipment before giving care
-If the person is awake and alert, you can get equipment and give them oral sugar before calling 911
-If symptoms don’t get better after giving sugar than call 911
-If you are unsure, safest approach is to always call 911 and then equipment and give care

Question 18

signs and symptoms of diabetic emergency

Answer 18

Trouble breathing
Fast or deep breathing
Kussmaul breathing - fast labored breathing
Ketones - crystalline structures in the blood or the urine
Feeling weak
Sweating

Question 19

recognizing life-threatening bleeding

Answer 19

-Direct pressure - hand them something to control bleeding, put your gloves on, then take over pressure and once it is done then wrap it
-Should have a tourniquet
-Gets put on about 2-3 inches above the wound - needs to be tight
-Should be some type of mechanism to tighten it (belt, pull it, etc.)
-Wrap distal to proximal
-Flow or spurting is a sing of life-threatening bleeding

Question 20

burns

Answer 20

-rule of nines: breaks body up into percentages
-never pop blister burns
-if its dry, keep it dry, moist keep it moist
-wounds and burns do better covred
-never use ice, ice water, or, a freezing cold compress to cool a burn

Question 21

head neck spinal injuries

Answer 21

• check call care
  -keep victim in same position unless they need to be moved
  -maintain body temp

Question 22

concussion

Answer 22

-Dizziness
-Loss of consciousness
-Headache
-Confusion
-blurred/double vision
-Nausea
-Vomiting
-Seizures
-Memory loss
-Inability to do activities they previously could

Question 23

heart related illness

Answer 23

-sickle cell trait is at a much higher risk for dehydration

Question 24

heat cramps

Answer 24

calf is most common
-muscle note enough oxygenated blood
-most benign
-stop activity, get them hydrated

Question 25

heat exhaustion

Answer 25

-get fluids -ice or cold pack -body temp becomes important to monitor

Question 26

heat stroke

Answer 26

-nausea vomiting, not feeling well, decreased level of consciousness, sweating -evaporation cools the body, not sweating -body temp important to monitor (105 or greater cool to 102) -immerse in cold water if possible 40-50 degrees

Question 27

hypothermia

Answer 27

-check, call, care -low body temperature -remove person to a warmer place and remove any wet clothes -frost nio\p

Question 28

frost bite

Answer 28

- is a burn, treat as a burn -1st degree-warm water (100-110 degrees) -can also get this from moisture/wet, prolonged exposure

Question 29

ligtning

Answer 29

-flash to bang theory -count the number of seconds divide by 5

Question 30

poison exposure

Answer 30

-call Ems -call poison control center -1800-22-1222 -any substance that causes injury, illness or death if it enters the body -abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal skin color and sweating, trouble breathing, fast or slow HR, seizures, headache, dizziness, or weakness

Question 31

pulse ox symmetry

Answer 31

oxygen saturation level (should be 100) and HR