First Aid Flashcards
Sudden illness
Heart attack
Asthma attack
Anaphylaxis
Diabetic emergency
Seizures
Shock
Opioid overdose
Stroke
heart attack
-lack of oxygenated blood to the heart
stroke
-0 lack of oxygenated blood to the brain
signs and symptoms
Trouble breathing
Pain (chest pain, abdominal pain or headache)
Changes in level of responsiveness
Extreme fatigue
Light-headedness or dizziness
nausea , vomiting, diarrhea or stomach cramps
Fever
Paleness of skin/loss of color
Problems seeing or speaking
Numbness, weakness, paralysis
Seizures
Line of questioning for patient assessment
-OPQRST
-SAMPLE
OPQRST
Onset
Provocation/paliative - what makes it better or worse?
Quality
Region/radiation - where is the pain and does it shoot to another place?
Severity -
Time - how long has this been going on or when did it occur?
SAMPLE
Signs & symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last oral intake
Events leading up to present injury
stroke acronym
(fast)
Face - drooping/weakness
Arm - can’t move/weakness
Speech - may be slurred
Time - understand how long it has been
TIA
- transient ischemic attack (mini stroke)
-Can blackout for a few minutes
-Can be slurred speech for a few minutes
These are warning signs and this person needs to be seen by a physician immediately
shock
-Disorder of the circulatory system - not enough oxygenated blood going to vital organs throughout the body
-Can happen from variety of reasons
-In order to get blood to other organs it will pull blood away from the skin, can start to look pale
-Pulse rate will go up but will be weaker
shocks
-anaphylactic
-metabolic
-hemmorhagic
-septic
-psychological
-respiratory shock
anaphylactic shock
- allergic reaction; from food, exposure to something
Localized - right in one area
Systemic - throughout the whole body
Becomes a concern when starting to close airway
metabolic shock
- most commonly from diabetes
Hypoglycemic
Hyperglycemic
psychological shock
-panic attack: acute
-anxiety attack: tends to build up
respiratory shock
-asthma
-need an inhaler as the AT
-rescue inhaler- albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin
-beta 2 agonist- dilates the respiratory muscles
calming down from shock
-position of comfort
-Losing consciousness - laying on their back, feet 2-6 inches above the ground (no spinal injury)
-Maintain normal body temperature
-if oxygen is available, use it
diabetic emergency
-If you recognize signs and symptoms of a diabetic emergency and the person is not fully awake and alert, always call 911 and get equipment before giving care
-If the person is awake and alert, you can get equipment and give them oral sugar before calling 911
-If symptoms don’t get better after giving sugar than call 911
-If you are unsure, safest approach is to always call 911 and then equipment and give care
signs and symptoms of diabetic emergency
Trouble breathing
Fast or deep breathing
Kussmaul breathing - fast labored breathing
Ketones - crystalline structures in the blood or the urine
Feeling weak
Sweating
recognizing life-threatening bleeding
-Direct pressure - hand them something to control bleeding, put your gloves on, then take over pressure and once it is done then wrap it
-Should have a tourniquet
-Gets put on about 2-3 inches above the wound - needs to be tight
-Should be some type of mechanism to tighten it (belt, pull it, etc.)
-Wrap distal to proximal
-Flow or spurting is a sing of life-threatening bleeding
burns
-rule of nines: breaks body up into percentages
-never pop blister burns
-if its dry, keep it dry, moist keep it moist
-wounds and burns do better covred
-never use ice, ice water, or, a freezing cold compress to cool a burn
head neck spinal injuries
- check call care
-keep victim in same position unless they need to be moved
-maintain body temp
concussion
-Dizziness
-Loss of consciousness
-Headache
-Confusion
-blurred/double vision
-Nausea
-Vomiting
-Seizures
-Memory loss
-Inability to do activities they previously could
heart related illness
-sickle cell trait is at a much higher risk for dehydration
heat cramps
calf is most common
-muscle note enough oxygenated blood
-most benign
-stop activity, get them hydrated
heat exhaustion
-get fluids
-ice or cold pack
-body temp becomes important to monitor
heat stroke
-nausea vomiting, not feeling well, decreased level of consciousness, sweating
-evaporation cools the body, not sweating
-body temp important to monitor (105 or greater cool to 102)
-immerse in cold water if possible 40-50 degrees
hypothermia
-check, call, care
-low body temperature
-remove person to a warmer place and remove any wet clothes
-frost nio\p
frost bite
- is a burn, treat as a burn
-1st degree-warm water (100-110 degrees)
-can also get this from moisture/wet, prolonged exposure
ligtning
-flash to bang theory
-count the number of seconds divide by 5
poison exposure
-call Ems
-call poison control center
-1800-22-1222
-any substance that causes injury, illness or death if it enters the body
-abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal skin color and sweating, trouble breathing, fast or slow HR, seizures, headache, dizziness, or weakness
pulse ox symmetry
oxygen saturation level (should be 100) and HR
