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P2 Top 200 > First 1-25 test > Flashcards

First 1-25 test Flashcards

1
Q

adalimumab

A

Brand Name: Humira

MOA: Binds to human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), thereby interfering with binding to TNFα receptor sites and subsequent cytokine-driven inflammatory processes

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 40mg SQ every other week Contraindication(s):

None

BBW:

Serious infections

Malignancy

Key Points:

Do not start or take the next dose if the patient is sick

 Patient should complete Hepatitis B virus and tuberculosis screening prior to starting the first dose

 Injection site reaction (burning, itching, pain, rash, and/or redness) are common but usually well-tolerated

The drug takes some time to work (RA); do not stop the drug when patients do not see results immediately

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2
Q

Albuterol

A

Brand Names:

Proair, Proventil, Ventolin, Vospire

MOA: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by action on beta2-receptors Schedule: legend

Dosing: 1 to 2 inhalations q 4 to 6 hours PRN

Contraindication(s):

 Severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Upper respiratory tract infections

 Cough

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3
Q

alendronate

A

Brand Name: Fosamax

MOA: Inhibits bone resorption via actions on osteoclasts or on osteoclast precursors; decreases the rate of bone resorption, leading to an indirect increase in bone mineral density

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Prophylaxis (females): 5mg once daily or 35mg once weekly

Treatment (females/males): 10mg once daily or 70mg once weekly

Contraindication(s):

 Hypocalcemia

 Esophageal abnormalities

 Inablility to sit or stand upright for 30 minutes

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Take on an empty stomach before breakfast with a full glass of water. Do not eat or drink, or take other meds for at least 30 mins post dose. Remain upright for 30 minutes after dose

 Notify your dentist that you are taking this medicine (due to very rare osteonecrosis of the jaw)

 Maintain calcium & Vit D supplementation if diet inadequate Bone pain

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4
Q

Allopurinol

A

Brand Name: Zyloprim, Aloprim

MOA: Inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Initiate 100mg once daily and increase every week by 100mg/day until desired uric acid level is achieved

Max 800mg/day

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Diarrhea

 Skin Rash

 Keep taking even if you are not experiencing a gout flare

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5
Q

Buedesonide

A

Brand name: Rhinocort, Pulmicort, Uceris, Entocort

MOA: Decreases inflammation by suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and reversal of increased capillary permeability

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Oral: 9mg q AM for 8 weeks Intranasal: 1 to 2 sprays (32mcg to 64mcg) in each nostril once daily

Inhaled: 360mcg BID up to 720mcg BID

Contraindication(s):

 Primary treatment of acute asthma episodes

 Severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Inhaled: Oral thrush; upper respiratory tract infection; cough

 Topical: Apply thin layer and avoid broken skin and sensiteve areas

 Oral: Headache; Diarrhea; Respiratory tract infection; Decreased cortisol; Take with food

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6
Q

Buesonide and Formoterol

A

Brand: Symbicort

MOA: Decreases inflammation by suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and reversal of increased capillary permeability Formoterol relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by selective action on beta-2 receptors

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

2 inhalations BID Titrate dose by choosing higher strength

Contraindication(s):

 Primary treatment of acute asthma or COPD episodes

BBW:

• Asthma-related death

Key Points:

 Oral thrush

 Cough

 Upper respiratory tract infectionHeadache

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7
Q

Colchicine

A

Brand: Colcrys

MOA: Inhibits β-tubulin polymerization into microtubules, preventing activation, degranulation, and migration of neutrophils associated with mediating some gout symptoms

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Flare: 1.2mg once, then 0.6mg one hour later (Max 1.8mg within an hour)

Prophylaxis: 0.6mg q day or BID (Max 1.2mg/day)

Contraindication(s):

 Concomitant use of a P-glycoprotein or strong CYP3A4 inhibitor in the presence of hepatic impairment

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Diarrhea

 Fatigue and Lethargy

 Nausea

Dose adjustment if concomittent CYP3A4 or P-Glycoprotein inhibitors

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8
Q

Etanercept

A

Brand: Enbrel

MOA: Binds tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and blocks its interaction with cell surface receptors

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

50mg SQ once weekly

Contraindication(s):

 Sepsis

BBW:

  • Serious infections
  • Malignancies

Key Points:

 Do not start or take the next dose if the patient is sick

 Patient should complete Hepatitis B virus and tuberculosis screening prior to starting the first dose

 Injection site reaction (burning, itching, pain, rash, and/or redness) are common but usually well-toleratedThe drug takes some time to work (RA); do not stop the drug when patients do not see results immediately

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9
Q

Exanatide

A

Brand: Byetta, Bydrueron

MOA: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog which increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion, decreases inappropriate glucagon secretion, increases B-cell growth/replication, slows gastric emptying, and decreases food intake

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

IR: 5mcg to 10mcg BID within 60 minutes prior to meals

XR: 2mg SQ once weekly

Contraindication(s):

 History or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma

 Patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome

BBW:

• Risk of thyroid C-cell tumors (Bydureon)

Key Points:

 Hypoglycemia, especially when used in combination with sulfonylureas

 Injection site reaction; Rotate injection sites

 Pancreatitis symptoms: severe stomach/upper abdominal pain radiating to back, persistent n/vNausea and Vomitting- eat slower & smaller meals to avoid overeating

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10
Q

Fluticasone

A

Brand: Flonase, Flovent

MOA: Potent vasoconstrictive and anti-inflammatory activity

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Inhaled: 88mcg BID (Max 880mcg/day)

Nasal: 2 spays each nostril daily or 1 spray (50mcg) each nostril BID

Contraindication(s):

 Severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins

 Primary treatment for acute asthma

BBW:

• None

Key Points:

 Oral thrush

 Take the medication as scheduled

 Upper respiratory tract infection

Headache

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11
Q

Fluticasone and Salmeterol

A

Brand: Advair, Airduo

MOA:

Fluticasone: Potent vasoconstrictive and anti-inflammatory activity Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by selective action on beta2-receptors

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Diskus: 1 inhalation BID

HFA: 2 inhalations BID

Contraindication(s):

 Severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins

 Primary treatment for acute asthma

BBW:

Asthma-related death

Key Points:

 Oral thrush

 Cough

 Upper respiratory tract infection

Headache

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12
Q

Folic acid

A

Brand: Folic Acid

MOA: Necessary for formation of a number of coenzymes in many metabolic systems Schedule: legend

Dosing: 0.4mg to 1mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Take it regularly, even on days not taking methotrexate

 Side effects are mild and well-tolerated

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13
Q

Insulin Aspart

A

Brand: Novolog (Rapid acting)

MOA: Facilitates the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

0.5 to 1 unit/kg/day in divided doses

Contraindication(s):

 Use during episodes of hypoglycemia

BBW:

• None

Key Points:

 Used to treat mealtime blood glucose

 inject within 15 min of meal

 signs, symptoms, & management of hypoglycemia

inject subcutaneously into prefered 1. abdomin; or alternate 2. anterolateral thight, 3. upper arm

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14
Q

Insulin Detemir

A

Brand: Levemir (long acting)

MOA: Facilitates the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

About 1/3 of the total daily insulin requirement given in one or two divided doses

Contraindication(s):

 Use during episodes of hypoglycemia

BBW:

• None

Key Points:

 Long Acting Insulin

 inject once to twice daily as directed by prescriber

 inject into prefered 1. abdominal area; or alternate 2. anterolateral thigh, 3. SQ of armsigns, symtoms & management of hypoglycemia

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15
Q

Insulin Glargine

A

Brand: Lantus, Toujeo (long acting)

MOA: Facilitates the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

About 1/3 to 1/2 of the total daily insulin requirement administered once daily Doses greater than 40 units can be split in to BID doses

Contraindication(s):

 Use during episodes of hypoglycemia

BBW:

• None

Key Points:

 Long Acting Insulin

 inject once to twice daily as directed by prescriber

 inject into prefered 1. abdominal area; or alternate 2. anterolateral thigh, 3. SQ of armsigns, symtoms & management of hypoglycemia

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16
Q

Insulin Lispro

A

Brand: Humalog (rapid acting)

MOA: Facilitates the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

0.5 to 1 unit/kg/day in divided doses

Contraindication(s):

 Use during episodes of hypoglycemia

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Used to treat meal time blood glucose

 inject within 15 min of meal

 signs, symtoms & management of hypoglycemiainject into prefered 1. abdominal area, alternate 2. anterolateral thigh, 3. SQ of arm

17
Q

Insulin Regular

A

Brand: Humlin R, Novolin R (short acting)

MOA: Facilitates the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

0.5 to 1 unit/kg/day in divided doses

Contraindication(s):

 Use during episodes of hypoglycemia

BBW:

• None

Key Points:

 Used to treat meal time blood glucose

 inject within 30 min of start of meal

 signs, symtoms & management of hypoglycemiainject into prefered 1. abdominal area, alternate 2. anterolateral thigh, 3. SQ of arm

18
Q

Ipratropium bromide and albuterol

A

Brand: Combivent

MOA:

Ipratropium: Blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in bronchial smooth muscle causing bronchodilation

Albuterol: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by action on beta2-receptors

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

2 inhalations QID

Max 12 inhalations/day

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Upper respiratory tract infection

 Cough

 Tremor

Rhinitis

19
Q

Latanoprost

A

Brand: Xalatan

MOA: Prostaglandin analog which increases the outflow of aqueous humor

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

1 gtt in affected eye(s) q PM

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Erythema of eyelid

 Conjuntival hyperemia

 Burning/stinging/itching in eyes

20
Q

Liraglutide

A

Brand: Victoza, Saxenda

MOA: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog which increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion, decreases inappropriate glucagon secretion, increases B-cell growth/replication, slows gastric emptying, and decreases food intake

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Victoza (DM): 0.6mg SC once daily x 1wk, then 1.2mg SC once daily (max 1.8mg)

Saxenda (weight loss): 0.6mg to 3mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 History or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma

 Patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2

 Pregnancy

BBW:

• Thyroid C-cell tumor risk

Key Points:

 Hypoglycemia, especially when used in combination with sulfonylureas

 Injection site reaction; Rotate injection sites

 Pancreatitis symptoms: severe stomach/upper abdominal pain radiating to back, persistent n/vNausea and Vomitting- eat slower & smaller meals to avoid overeating

21
Q

Metformin

A

Brand: Glucophage, Fortamet, Glumetza

MOA: Decreases hepatic glucose production, decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

IR: 500mg BID or 850mg once daily (Max 2550mg/day)

ER: 500mg to 1000 mg once daily

(Max 2000mg/day)

Contraindication(s):

 Severe renal dysfunction (CrCl less than 30ml/min

 Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis

BBW:

• Lactic acidosis

Key Points:

 Nausea and Vomitting; take with food

 Gas, bloating, diarrhea- develop tolerance with continued use; Tiitrate dose/XR formulation may reduce GI side effects

 Risk for lactic acidosis, ensure hydration and follow renal dosing guidelines

22
Q

Methotrexate

A

Brand: Rasuvo, Trexall

MOA: Irreversibly inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, interfering with DNA sythesis, repair, and cellular replication

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Psoriasis: 10mg to 25mg PO, SQ, or IM once weekly

Rheumatoid arthritis: 7.5mg PO, SQ, or IM mg once weekly

Contraindication(s):

 Breastfeeding

 Pregnancy

 Liver disease

BBW:

  • Intrathecal and high-dose therapy
  • Appropriate use
  • Pregnancy
  • Bone Marrow Suppression
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Renal impairment
  • Pneumonitis
  • Gastrointestinal toxicity
  • Secondary malignancy

Key Points:

 Do not take the next dose if the patient is sick

 Take with folic acid as instructed by the prescriber

 Side effects such as mucositis, GI upset, nephrotoxicity may occur

Make sure to follow instructions on getting routine bloodwork;

Make sure patient is NOT pregnant or intends to get pregnant

23
Q

Methylphenidate

A

Brand: Concerta, Daytrana, Ritalin

MOA: Blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into presynaptic neurons

Schedule: II

Dosing:

IR: 10mg to 60mg daily in 2 to 3 divided doses (Max 60 mg/day)

ER: 20mg once daily,

Max 60 mg/day (Concerta: Max 72 mg/day)

Contraindication(s):

 MAOI use within 14 days

 Marked anxiety, tension, or agitation

 Glaucoma

BBW:

• Abuse and dependence

Key Points:

 Insomnia

 Weight Loss

 Tachycardia

Hypertension

24
Q

Mometasone

A

Brand: Nasonex, Asmanex, Elocon

MOA: Decreases inflammation by suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and reversal of increased capillary permeability

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Nasal: 2 sprays into each nostril once daily

Oral inhalation: 1 inhalation once daily to BID

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity to milk proteins

 Primary treatment for acute asthma

BBW:

• None

Key Points:

 Oral thrush

 Take the medication as scheduled

 Upper respiratory tract infection

Headache

25
Q

Montelukast

A

Brand: Singulair

MOA: Antagonizes leukotriene receptors, leading to relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 10mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW:

• None

Key Points:

 Take in the evening

 Cough

 Bronchitis

P2 Top 200 (19 decks)

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