Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

P2 Top 200 > 100-125 Use to study > Flashcards

100-125 Use to study Flashcards

1
Q

acetaminophen and codeine (combination)

A

MOA: Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in the central nervous system and peripherally block pain impulse generation; produces antipyresis from inhibition of hypothalamic heat-regulating center.

Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS, causing inhibition of ascending pain pathways, altering the perception of and response to pain; causes cough suppression by direct central action in the medulla; produces generalized CNS depression

Schedule: III

Dosing: 300mg/30mg q 4 hours PRN Max 4000mg/360mg per 24 hours

Contraindication(s):  Significant respiratory depression  postoperative pain management in children who have undergone tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy  GI obstruction, including paralytic ileus (known or suspected)  concurrent use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or use of MAOIs within the last 14 days.

BBW: • Risk of medication errors

  • Addiction, abuse, and misuse
  • Life-threatening respiratory depression • Accidental ingestion
  • Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome
  • Death related to ultra-rapid metabolism of codeine to morphine
  • Hepatoxicity
  • Interactions with drugs affecting cytochrome P450
  • Risks from concomitant use with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants

Key Points:

 Drowsiness and sedation

 Constipation

 Pruritis

Avoid alcohol or other sedating agents and other APAP products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alprazolam

A

MOA: Enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA on neuronal excitability results by increased neuronal membrane permeability to chloride ions

Schedule:

IV Dosing: 0.25mg to 1mg TID Usual range 4mg/day to 6mg/day

Contraindication(s):

 Acute narrow-angle glaucoma

 Concurrent use with potent CYP 3A4 inhibitors

BBW: • Risk from concomitant use with opiods

Key Points:

 Drowsiness and sedation

 Avoid alcohol or other sedating agents

 Skin Rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Amitriptyline

A

Generic : elavil

MOA: Increases the synaptic concentration of serotonin and/or norepinephrine in the central nervous system by inhibition of their reuptake by the presynaptic neuronal membrane pump

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

25mg to 50mg daily at bedtime or in divided doses and gradually increase to 100mg to 300mg daily Ususal range 100mg to 300mg

Contraindication(s):

 MAOI use within 14 days

 Acute recovery phase following MI

BBW: •

Suicidality and antidepressant drugs

Key Points:

 Heart arrythymias

 Dry mouth, dry eyes, constipation, urinary retention (anticholinergic)

 Tremor

Sedation; take at bedtime if it causes sleepiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aripiprazole

A

Brand: Abilify

MOA: Partial agonist of D2 and 5-HT1A receptors, and an antagonist at the 5-HT2A receptor

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Deperession adjunct: 2mg to 5mg ocne daily (Max: 15mg/day)

Schizophrenia: 10mg to 15mg once daily (Max 30mg/day)

Bipolar I: 15mg to 30mg once daily (Max 30mg/day)

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW:

  • Increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis
  • Suicidality and antidepressant drugs

Key Points:  Headache

 Increased glucose

 Sedation

Potential extrapyramidal reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atomoxetine

A

Brand: Straterra

MOA: Selectively inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

40mg to 80mg daily in a single dose or 2 evenly divided doses

Max 100mg/day

Contraindication(s):

 MAOI use within 14 days

 Narrow-angle glaucoma

 History of pheochromocytoma

 Cardiac or vascular disorders that will deteriorate and cause increases in blood pressure or pulse

BBW:

• Suicidal ideation in children and adolescents

Key Points:

 Headache  Insomnia  Decreased appetite Dry mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Baclofen

A

Brand: Lioresal

MOA: Inhibits the transmission of both monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes at the spinal cord level, possibly by hyperpolarization of primary afferent fiber terminals

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 5mg to 20mg TID Max 80mg/day

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity  Intrathecal: IV, IM, SubQ, or epidural administration

BBW: • Abrupt withdrawal (injection)

Key Points:  Hypotonia  Drowsiness and confusion  Nausea and Vomitting Headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Benztropine

A

Brand: Cogentin

MOA: Possesses both anticholinergic and antihistaminic effects

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 1mg to 2mg 2 to 3 times daily Max 6mg/day

Contraindication(s):  Hypersensitivity  Children less than 3 years old

BBW: • None

Key Points:  Tachycardia  Dry mouth, dry eyes, constipation, urinary retention (anticholinergic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Brand: Buprenx, Butrans

MOA: Binds to mu opiate receptors in the CNS; displays partial mu agonist and weak kappa antagonist activity

Schedule: III

Dosing:

Oral SLT: 12mg to 16mg once daily

Buccal Film: 150mcg q 12 hours

Contraindication(s):  Significant respiratory depression  Acute or severe asthma  GI obstruction, including paralytic ileus (known or suspected)

BBW:

  • Addiction, abuse, and misuse (buccal film, injection, transdermal patch)
  • Life-threatening respiratory depression (buccal film, injection, transdermal patch)
  • Accidental exposure (buccal film, transdermal patch)
  • Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (buccal film, injection, transdermal patch)
  • Risk associated with insertion and removal (Probuphine implant)
  • Risks from concomitant use with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants (buccal film, injection, transdermal patch)

Key Points:  Headache  Sedation  REMS drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Buprenorphine and Naloxone

A

Brand: Suboxone, Zubsolv

MOA:

Buprenorphine binds to mu opiate receptors in the CNS; displays partial mu agonist and weak kappa antagonist activity

Naloxone is a pure opioid antagonist that competes and displaces opioids at opioid receptor sites

Schedule: III

Dosing:

SL: 16mg/4mg once daily

Buccal Film: 8.4mg/1.4mg once daily

Contraindication(s):  Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:  Headache  Withdrawal syndrome  PainDiaphoresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bupropion

A

Brand: Wellbutrin, Zyban

MOA: Inhibits the reuptake of norepineprhine and dopamine

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

IR: 100mg BID (Max 150mg each dose)

SR: 150mg BID (Max 200mg in each dose)

XR: 150mg daily (Max 300mg/day)

Contraindication(s):

 Seizure disorder or conditions that increase seizure risk, including severe head injury or severe stroke

 History of anorexia/bulimia

 MAOI use within 14 days

BBW:

• Suicidality and antidepressant drugs

Key Points:  Seizures  Insomnia  Aggitation Weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Butalbital, Acetaminophen and Caffeine

A

Brand: Esgic, Fioricet

MOA:

Butalbital depresses the sensory cortex, decreases motor activity, and alters cerebellar function

Acetaminophen inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins in the central nervous system and peripherally blocks pain impulse generation Caffeine inhibits phosphodiesterase, causing vasodilation

Schedule: legend (controlled in UT)

Dosing:

1 to 2 tablets/capsules q 4 hours Max 6 tablets/capsules per day

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity  Porphyria

BBW: • Hepatotoxicity

Key Points:

 Dizziness  Sedation  Nausea and Vomitting

Avoid alcohol or other sedating agents and other acetaminophen containing products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Carisoprodol

A

Brand: Soma

MOA: Blocks interneuronal activity and depresses polysynaptic neuron transmission in the spinal cord and reticular formation of the brain

Schedule: IV

Dosing:

250mg to 350mg TID and at bedtime for max duration of 2-3 weeks

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity  History of acute intermittent porphyria

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Drowsiness  Dizziness  Headache Avoid with other sedating agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Celecoxib

A

Brand: Celebrex

MOA: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by decreasing the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

100mg twice daily up to 200mg once or twice daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, aspirin, or other NSAIDs  History of asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDS  Use in the setting of CABG surgery

BBW:

• Serious cardiovascular risk • Serious gastrointestinal risk

Key Points:

 Take with food

 May cause nephrotoxicity; look for changes in urine frequency/production

 May cause GI bleed; report any blood in vomit, sputum and/or black tarry stool, or severe upper GI pain immediately to prescriber

Take only as directed or as needed for pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clonazepam

A

Brand: Klonopin

MOA: Enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA on neuronal excitability results by increased neuronal membrane permeability to chloride ions

Schedule: IV

Dosing:

Panic Disorder: 0.5mg to 2mg BID (Max 4mg/day) Seizure Disorder: 2mg to 8mg In 1 or 2 divided doses (Max: 20mg/day)

Contraindication(s):

 Acute narrow-angle glaucoma  Significant liver disease

BBW: •

Risk from concomitant use with opioids

Key Points:

 Drowsiness/Confusion  Avoid abrupt discontinuation  Avoid alcohol or other sedating agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cyclobenzaprine

A

Brand: Amrix, Flexeril

MOA: Reduces tonic somatic motor activity influencing both alpha and gamma motor neurons

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 5mg to 10mg TID PRN

Contraindication(s):

 MAOI use within 14 days

 Hyperthyroidism  Heart failure  Arrhythmias

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Drowsiness and sedation  Avoid alcohol or other sedating agents  Dry Mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Desvenlafaxine

A

Brand: Pristiq

MOA: Selectively inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 50mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 MAOI use within 14 days

 Use with linezolid

 Hypersensitivity to venlafaxine

BBW:

• Suicidal thoughts and behavior

Key Points:  Nausea  Insomnia  Hyperhidrosis Xerostomia

17
Q

Dextroamphetamine and Amphetamine

A

Brand: Adderall

MOA: Promotes release of dopamine and norepinephrine from their storage sites in the presynaptic nerve terminals

Schedule: II

Dosing: IR: 5mg to 40mg daily in 1 to 3 divided doses ER: 20mg to 60mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Advanced arteriosclerosis, moderate to severe hypertension, or symptomatic cardiovascular disease  Agitated states  Glaucoma  MAOI use within 14 days

BBW: • Abuse potential • Cardiovascular events

Key Points:  Hypertension  Tachycardia  Insomnia Weight loss

18
Q

Diazepam

A

Brand: Valium, Diastat

MOA: Enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA on neuronal excitability results by increased neuronal membrane permeability to chloride ions

Schedule: IV

Dosing: 2mg to 10mg BID to QID PRN

Contraindication(s):  Acute narrow-angle glaucoma  Untreated open-angle glaucoma  Severe respiratory impariment or sleep apnea  Severe hepatic impairment

BBW: • Risks from concomitant use with opioids

Key Points:  Drowsiness and sedation  Avoid alcohol or other sedating agents

19
Q

Diclofenac

A

Brand: Voltaren, Flector, Pensaid, Diclo gel

MOA: Reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 (COX-1 and 2) enzymes, which results in decreased formation of prostaglandin precursors

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 50mg BID to TID or 75mg BID

Contraindication(s):

 History of asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDS

 Use in the setting of CABG surgery

 Patients with moderate to severe renal impairment in the perioperative period and who are at risk for volume depletion (injection only)

BBW:

  • Serious cardiovascular thrombotic events
  • Serious gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration, and perforation

Key Points:

 Take with food

 May cause nephrotoxicity; look for changes in urine frequency/production

 May cause GI bleed; report any blood in vomit, sputum and/or black tarry stool, or severe upper GI pain immediately to prescriber

Take only as directed or as needed for pain

20
Q

Duloxetine

A

Brand: Cymbalta

MOA: Selectively inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, weakly inhibits dopamine reuptake S

chedule: legend

Dosing: 30mg to 60mg daily as a single dose or in 2 evenly divided doses

Contraindication(s):  MAOI use within 14 days  Use with linezolid

BBW: • Suicidal thoughts and behavior

Key Points:  Headache  drowsiness and fatigue  Xerostomia Weight Loss

21
Q

Escitalopram

A

Brand: Lexapro

MOA: Selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake in the presynaptic neurons

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 10mg to 20mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 MAOI use within 14 days

 Use with linezolid

BBW: • Suicidality and antidepressant drugs

Key Points:

 Drowsiness and insomnia

 Dry mouth

 Decreaed Libido/Ejaculatory disorders

22
Q

Eszopiclone

A

Brand: Lunesta

MOA: May interact with GABA-receptor complexes at binding domains located close to or allosterically coupled to benzodiazepine receptors

Schedule: IV

Dosing: 1mg to 3mg q HS 3mg max

Contraindication(s):  Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 May distort taste  Drowsiness  Avoid alcohol or other sedating agents

23
Q

Fentanyl

A

Brand: Sublimaze, Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora

MOA: Binds with stereospecific receptors at many sites within the CNS, increases pain threshold, alters pain reception, inhibits ascending pain pathways

Schedule: II

Dosing: Individualized to patient

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

 Significant respiratory depression

 Acute or severe bronchial asthma

 GI obstruction including paralytic ileus (known or suspected)

BBW:

  • Life-threatening respiratory depression • Addiction, abuse, and misuse
  • Accidental exposure
  • Cytochrome P450 3A4 Interaction
  • Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome •

Risks from concomitant use with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants

  • Risk of medication errors (buccal, intranasal, lozenge, sublingual)
  • REMS program
  • Exposure to heat (Duragesic only)

Key Points:

 Change patch every 72 hours

 Do not cut patch and avoid exposing application site to external heat sources

 Dizziness, Drowsiness, and Constipation

Avoid alcohol or other sedating agents

24
Q

Fluoxetine

A

Brand: Prozac, Saracen

MOA: Selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake in the presynaptic neurons

Schedule: legend Dosing: 20mg to 80mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 MAOI use within 5 weeks of discontinuing fluoxetine or within 14 days of discontinuing the MAOI

 Use with linezolid

BBW:

• Suicidality and antidepressant drugs

Key Points:  Insomnia  Anxiety  Decreaed Libido/Ejaculatory disorders Long half life

25
Q

Gabapentin

A

Brand: Neurontin

MOA: May modulate the release of excitatory neurotransmitters which participate in epileptogenesis and nociception

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 900mg to 1800mg daily in 3 divided doses

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:  Drowsiness  Dizziness  Fatigue Tremor

P2 Top 200 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions