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P2 Top 200 > 126-150 > Flashcards

126-150 Flashcards

1
Q

Emtricitabine, Tenofovir, and Efavirenz

A

Brand: Atripla MOA: Efavirenz: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of HIV-1, thereby blocking the RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase resulting in inhibition of viral replication Emtricitabine: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, which interferes with HIV viral RNA dependent DNA polymerase resulting in inhibition of viral replication Tenofovir: Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, interferes with the HIV viral RNA dependent DNA polymerase resulting in inhibition of viral replication Schedule: legend Dosing: 1 tablet once daily Contraindication(s):  Clinically significant hypersensitivity  Coadministration with voriconazole BBW: • Hepatitis B coinfection Key Points:  Hypercholesterolemia  Abnormal dreams  HyperglycemiaDiarrhea

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2
Q

Enalapril

A

Brand: Vasotec MOA: Inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme, preventing the coversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II Schedule: legend Dosing: 5mg to 40mg daily as a single dose or in 2 evenly divided doses Doses 20mg or greater should be taken BID Contraindication(s):  Angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor  Concurrent use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes BBW: • Fetal toxicity Key Points:  May cause dry cough  Certain lab tests (K+ and sCr) may be increased and should be checked within 1-2 weeks of starting  AngioedemaLightheadedness, dizziness, orthostasis, hypotension

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3
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Brand: Lovenox MOA: Strong inhibitor of factor Xa Schedule: legend Dosing: DVT Prophylaxis: 30mg SQ q 12 hours or 40mg SQ once daily PE/DVT Tx: 1mg/kg q 12 hours or 1.5mg/kg once daily Contraindication(s):  Hypersensitivity to heparin or pork products  Thrombocytopenia associated with a positive test for antiplatelet antibodies in the presence of enoxaparin  Active major bleeding BBW: • Spinal/Epidural hematoma Key Points:  Bleeding  No routine lab monitoring  Inject in the fatty areas at the sides of the waistInject prefilled air bubble with medication

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4
Q

Esomeprazole

A

Brand: Nexium MOA: Suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell Schedule: legend Dosing: 20mg to 40mg once daily Contraindication(s):  Severe hypersensitivity to PPIs BBW: • None Key Points:  Headache  Take 60 minutes before food.

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5
Q

Ethinyl Estradiol and Etonogestrol

A

Brand: Nuvaring MOA: Combination hormonal contraceptives inhibit ovulation via a negative feedback mechanism on the hypothalamus, which alters the normal pattern of gonadotropin secretion of a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone by the anterior pituitar Schedule: legend Dosing: Insert 1 ring for 3 weeks then remove for 7 days Contraindication(s):  Breast cancer or other estrogen/progestin sensitive cancer  hepatic tumors or hepatic disease  Use in women at high risk of thrombotic disease  Undiagnosed abdominal uterine bleeding BBW: • Cigarette smoke and serious cardiovascular events Key Points:  Weight Gain  Increased risk of blood clots  Nausea and Vomting, Consider various factors that may decrease effectiveness (abx, missed dose, time to onset, etc.)

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6
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Brand: Zetia MOA: Inhibits absorption of cholesterol at the brush border of the small intestine via the sterol transporter, Niemann-Pick C1-Like1 (NPC1L1) Schedule: legend Dosing: 10mg once daily Contraindication(s):  Concurrent use with a statin in patients with active hepatic disease  Pregnancy and breastfeeding when used with a statin BBW: Key Points:  Fatigue  Diarrhea  Arthralgia

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7
Q

Famotidine

A

Brand: Pepcid MOA: Competitively inhibits histamine at H2 receptors of the gastric parietal cells, which inhibits gastric acid secretion Schedule: legend Dosing: 20mg to 40mg once daily or BID Contraindication(s):  Hypersensitivity to other H2 antagonists BBW: Key Points:  Headache  Diarrhea

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8
Q

Fenofibrate and Derivatives

A

Brand: Tricor, Trilipix, Fenoglide, Fibricor, Lipofen MOA: Agonist for the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha), downregulates apoprotein C-III (an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase) and upregulates the synthesis of apolipoprotein A-I, fatty acid transport prote Schedule: legend Dosing: 30mg to 160mg once daily Contraindication(s):  Active liver disease  Severe renal impairment or ESRD BBW: • None Key Points:  Abdominal Pain  Hepatic injury  Myalgia, Diarrhea

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9
Q

Finasteride

A

Brand: Proscar, Propecia MOA: Selectively inhibits 5α-reductase, resulting in inhibition of the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone and markedly suppressed serum dihydrotestosterone levels Schedule: legend Dosing: BPH: 5mg once daily Contraindication(s):  Pregnancy or women of childbearing potential BBW: • None Key Points:  Decreased libido  Pregnancy category X

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10
Q

Fluconazole

A

Brand: Diflucan MOA: Interferes with fungal cytochrome P450 activity (lanosterol 14-α-demethylase), and decreases ergosterol synthesis which inhibits cell membrane formation Schedule: legend Dosing: Vaginal Candidiasis: 150mg once Candidemia: 800mg on day 1, then 400mg once daily thereafter Contraindication(s):  Coadministration with CYP3A4 substrates which may lead to QTc prolongation BBW: • None Key Points:  Headache  Nausea, vomiting, and Diarrhea  Hepatitis & jaundice, Take entire course and contact provider if symptoms do not improve within a few days of starting

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11
Q

Furosemide

A

Brand: Lasix MOA: Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle and proximal and distal renal tubules, interfering with the chloride-binding cotransport system, thus causing increased excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, and calciu Schedule: legend Dosing: 20mg to 80mg once daily up to q 6 hours Contraindication(s):  Hypersensitivity  Anuria BBW: • Fluid/electrolyte loss Key Points:  Hypokalemia  Take in the morning  HyperuricemiaPossible sulfa cross-allergy

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12
Q

Gemfibrozil

A

Brand: Lopid MOA: Inhibits lipolysis and decreases subsequent hepatic fatty acid uptake, inhibits hepatic secretion of VLDL Schedule: legend Dosing: 600mg BID 30 minutes before breakfast and dinner Contraindication(s):  Hepatic or severe renal dysfunction  Primary biliary cirrhosis  Preexisting gallbladder disease  Concurrent use with dasabuvir, repaglinide, or simvastatin BBW: • None Key Points:  Upset stomach  Fatigue and Lethargy  Abdominal Pain

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13
Q

Group: Biphasic Oral Contraceptives

A

Brand: Kariva, Mircette, Ortho Novum 10/12 MOA: Combination hormonal contraceptives inhibit ovulation via a negative feedback mechanism on the hypothalamus, which alters the normal pattern of gonadotropin secretion of a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone by the anterior pituitar Schedule: legend Dosing: 1 tablet once daily Contraindication(s):  Breast cancer or other estrogen/progestin sensitive cancer  Use in women at high risk of thrombotic disease BBW: • Cigarette smoke and serious cardiovascular events Key Points:  Nausea and Vomting  Increased risk of blood clots  Weight Changes; Fluid Retention, Consider various factors that may decrease effectiveness (abx, missed dose, time to onset, etc.)

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14
Q

Group: Monophasic Oral Contraceptives

A

Brand: Avaine, Loestrin, Tasmin, Yaz, Oral MOA: Combination hormonal contraceptives inhibit ovulation via a negative feedback mechanism on the hypothalamus, which alters the normal pattern of gonadotropin secretion of a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone by the anterior pituitar Schedule: legend Dosing: 1 tablet once daily Contraindication(s):  Breast cancer or other estrogen/progestin sensitive cancer  Use in women at high risk of thrombotic disease BBW: • Cigarette smoke and serious cardiovascular events Key Points:  Nausea and Vomting  Increased risk of blood clots  Weight Changes; Fluid RetentionConsider various factors that may decrease effectiveness (abx, missed dose, time to onset, etc.)

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15
Q

Group: Triphasic oral Contraceptives

A

Brand: Ortho Tri-Cyclen, Tri-Sprintec, Trivora MOA: Combination hormonal contraceptives inhibit ovulation via a negative feedback mechanism on the hypothalamus, which alters the normal pattern of gonadotropin secretion of a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone by the anterior pituitar Schedule: legend Dosing: 1 tablet once daily Contraindication(s):  Breast cancer or other estrogen/progestin sensitive cancer  Use in women at high risk of thrombotic disease BBW: • Cigarette smoke and serious cardiovascular events Key Points:  Nausea/Vomting  Increased risk of blood clots  Weight Changes; Fluid RetentionConsider various factors that may decrease effectiveness (abx, missed dose, time to onset, etc.)

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16
Q

Hydralazine

A

Brand: Apresoline MOA: Direct vasodilation of arterioles Schedule: legend Dosing: 10mg to 50mg QID Max 300mg/day Contraindication(s):  Coronary artery disease  Mitrial valve rheumatic heart disease BBW: • None Key Points:  Headache  palpitations/increase in HR  Rarely lupus-like syndrome

17
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Brand: Microzide MOA: Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules causing increased excretion of sodium and water as well as potassium and hydrogen ions Schedule: legend Dosing: 12.5mg to 50mg once daily Contraindication(s):  Hypersensitivity  Anuria BBW: • None Key Points:  Hypokalemia  Photosensitivity  possible sulfa cross-allergy

18
Q

Irbesartan

A

Brand: Avapro MOA: Antagonizes angiotensin receptors Schedule: legend Dosing: 150mg to 300mg once daily Contraindication(s):  Hypersensitivity  Concurrent use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes BBW: • Fetal toxicity Key Points:  Certain lab tests (K+ and sCr) may be increased and should be checked within 1-2 weeks of starting  Lightheadedness, dizziness, orthostasis, hypotension 

19
Q

Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Brand: Avalide MOA: See individual agents Schedule: legend Dosing: See individual agents Contraindication(s):  Hypersensitivity  Concurrent use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes  Anuria BBW: • Fetal toxicity Key Points:  See Individual Agents 

20
Q

Isosorbide Dinitrate

A

Brand: Isordil MOA: Activates cGMP leading to dephosphorylation of myosin light chains and smooth muscle relaxation Schedule: legend Dosing: IR: 10mg to 40mg BID ro TID; SR: 40mg to 160mg once daily >14 hour nitrate free time for IR, >18 hour nitrate free time for SR Contraindication(s):  Concurrent use with phosphodiesterase inhibitors or riociguat BBW: • None Key Points:  May cause headache, dizziness  For angina, should be dosed to preserve a nitrate-free period 

21
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate

A

Brand: Imdur MOA: Activates cGMP leading to dephosphorylation of myosin light chains and smooth muscle relaxation Schedule: legend Dosing: IR: 20mg BID given+B125 7 hours apart; XR: 60mg to 120mg once daily Contraindication(s):  Concurrent use with phosphodiesterase inhibitors or riociguat BBW: • None Key Points:  May cause headache, dizziness  For angina, should be dosed to preserve a nitrate-free period

22
Q

Lansoprazole

A

Brand: Prevacid MOA: Suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell Schedule: legend Dosing: Ulcer/GERD: 15mg to 30mg once daily H. pylori eradication: 30mg BID or TID Contraindication(s):  Hypersensitivity BBW: • None Key Points:  Headache  Diarrhea  Take 30 minutes before food.

23
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Brand: Levaquin MOA: Inhibits DNA-gyrase and promotes breakage of double-stranded DNA Schedule: legend Dosing: 500mg to 750mg once daily Contraindication(s):  Hypersensitivity BBW: • Serious adverse reactions • Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis Key Points:  May bind with certain cations. Avoid taking with certain multivitamins and minerals (calcium, aluminum, magnesium, etc.)  QTC prolongation  DysglycemiaDiarrhea (AAD & CDAD)

24
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Brand: Levoxyl, Synthroid, Tirosint, Unithroid MOA: Synthetic form of thyroxine (T4), which is converted to active thyroid hormone Schedule: legend Dosing: 25mcg to 300mcg once daily About 1.7mcg/kg/day Contraindication(s):  Acute MI  Untreated subclinical or overt thyrotoxicosis of any etiology  uncorrected adrenal insufficiency BBW: • Weight reduction Key Points:  Empty stomach; may or may not be first thing in the morning  Symptoms of hyperthyroidism if dosed too aggresively  Chelates with numerous drugs, vitamins, and mineralsRemind patient to have labs checked if new rx or changing dose

25
Q

Levothyroxine and Liothyronine

A

Brand: Thyrolar MOA: Active (T3) and synthetic (T4) thyroid hormone Schedule: legend Dosing: 50mcg/12.5mcg to 100mcg/25mcg once daily Contraindication(s):  Uncorrected adrenal insufficiency  Untreated thyrotoxicosis BBW: • Weight reduction Key Points:  Empty stomach; may or may not be first thing in the morning  Symptoms of hyperthyroidism if dosed too aggresively  Chelates with numerous drugs, vitamins, and mineralsRemind patient to have labs checked if new rx or changing dose

P2 Top 200 (19 decks)

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