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P2 Top 200 > 25-50 Test 1 > Flashcards

25-50 Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Brand: Actos

MOA: Selective PPARgamma agonist which improves target cell response to insulin

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 15mg to 45mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 NYHA Class III/IV Heart failure

BBW:

• Congestive heart failure

Key Points:

 peripheral edema

 worsening heart failure

 weight gain takes weeks to show effects on BG

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2
Q

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

A

Brand: Prevnar 13, Synflorix

MOA: Promotes active immunization against invasive disease caused by S. pneumoniae

Schedule: legend

Dosing: Single 0.5mL IM dose

Contraindication(s):

 Severe allergic reaction to any diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Chills

 Skin Rash

Local Erythema Arthralgia

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3
Q

Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine

A

Brand: Pneumovax 23

MOA: Promotes active immunization against invasive disease caused by S. pneumoniae

Schedule: legend Dosing: Single 0.5mL IM dose

Contraindication(s):

 Severe allergic reaction to pneumococcal vaccine

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Chills

 Skin Rash

 Local Erythema Arthralgia

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4
Q

Potassium Chloride

A

Brand: K-tab, Klor-Con, Micro-K

MOA: Provides potassium, the major intracellular cation, for various metabolic functions

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 20mEq to 100mEq daily in 1 to 4 evenly divided doses (Max single dose 20mEq to 25mEq)

Contraindication(s): 

Hyperkalemia, renal failure, and conditions in which potassium retention is present

 Structural, pathological, and/or pharmacologic cause for delay or arrest in passage through the GI tract

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Hyperkalemia

 IV Form - phlebitis

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5
Q

Prednisone

A

Brand: Daltasone

MOA: Decreases inflammation by suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and reversal of increased capillary permeability

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 5mg to 60mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Administration of live attenuated vaccines with immunosuppressive doses of predisone

 Systemic fungal infections

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Increase in glucose

 Poor wound healing

 Edema Weight gain

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6
Q

Risedronate

A

Brand: Actonel

MOA: Inhibits bone resorption via actions on osteoclasts or on osteoclast precursors; decreases the rate of bone resorption, leading to an indirect increase in bone mineral density

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Treatment or Prevention (females): 5mg once daily OR 35mg once weekly OR 150mg once monthly

Treatment (males): 35mg once weekly

Contraindication(s):

 Hypocalcemia

 Esophageal abnormalities

 Inablility to sit or stand upright for 30 minutes

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Take on an empty stomach before breakfast with a full glass of water. Do not eat or drink, or take other meds for at least 30 mins post dose. Remain upright for 30 minutes after dose

 Notify your dentist that you are taking this medicine (due to very rare osteonecrosis of the jaw)

 Maintain calcium & Vit D supplementation if diet inadequateBone pain

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7
Q

Saxagiptin

A

Brand: Onglyza

MOA: Inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzyme resulting in prolonged active incretin levels

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 2.5mg to 5mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 congestion, sore throat

 unlikely, but symptoms of pancreatitis: severe stomach/upper abdominal pain, persistent N/V

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8
Q

Sitagliptin

A

Brand: Januvia

MOA: Inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzyme resulting in prolonged active incretin levels

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 100mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 congestion, sore throat

 unlikely, but symptoms of pancreatitis: severe stomach/upper abdominal pain, persistent N/V

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9
Q

Sitagliptin and Metformin

A

Brand: Janumet

MOA: See individual agents

Schedule: legend

Dosing: See Individual Agents

Contraindication(s):

 Severe renal dysfunction (CrCl less than 30ml/min

 Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis

BBW: • Lactic acidosis

Key Points:

 See Individual Agents

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10
Q

Timolol

A

Brand: Betimol, Timoptic

MOA: Blocks both beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors and reduces intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor production and possibly increases the outflow of aqueous humor

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Gel: Instill 1 gtt into affected eye(s) once daily

Solution: Instill 1 drop into affected eye(s) BID, may decrease to once daily if well controlled

Contraindication(s):

 Bronchial asthma or severe COPD

 Sinus bradycardia

 Second or third degree AV block

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Burning/stinging of eyes

 rarely bradycardia

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11
Q

Travoprost

A

Brand: Travatan

MOA: Prostaglandin analog which increases the outflow of aqueous humor

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

1 gtt in affected eye(s) q PM

Contraindication(s):

 None

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Ocular hyperemia

 Increased growth of eyelashes

 Burning/stinging/itching of eyes,

Decreased visual acuity

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12
Q

Varicella Vaccine

A

Brand: Varivax

MOA: Induced cell mediated and humoral immune responses

Schedule: legend

Dosing: Two 0.5mL doses separated by at least 4 weeks

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity to the vaccine, neomycin, or gelatin

 Immunosuppressed/deficient individuals

 Active, untreated TB or other current febrile illness

 Pregnancy

BBW:

• None

Key Points:

 Injection site reaction

 Fever

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13
Q

Zoster Vaccine

A

Brand: Zosavax

MOA: Stimulates active immunity to disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus

Schedule: legend

Dosing: Single 0.65mL SC dose

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity to the vaccine, neomycin, or gelatin

 Immunosuppressed/deficient individuals

 Pregnancy

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Injection site reaction

 Chicken pox-like rash may develop post administration (rare)

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14
Q

Amlodipine

A

Brand: Norvasc

MOA: Acts on vascular smooth muscle to produce peripheral arterial vasodilation by inhibiting calcium ions from entering select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 5mg to 10mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Peripheral edema

 Flushing

 Lightheadedness, dizziness, orthostasis, hypotension

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15
Q

Amlodipine and Benazepril

A

Brand: Lotrel

MOA: See individual agents

Schedule: legend

Dosing: See individual agents

Contraindication(s):

 History of angioedema

 Concurrent use of aliskiren

BBW: • Fetal toxicity

Key Points:

 See Individual Agents

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16
Q

Apixaban

A

Brand: Eliquis

MOA: Inhibits platelet activation and fibrin clot formation via direct, selective, and reversible inhibition of free and clot-bound factor Xa

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

AF: 5mg BID PE/DVT Tx: 10mg BID x 7 days followed by 5mg BID PE/DVT

Prophylaxis: 2.5mg BID

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

 Active pathological bleeding

BBW:

  • Discontinuation
  • Spinal/Epidural hematoma

Key Points:

 Risk of bleeding

 Signs/Symptoms bleeding/clotting

 No routine lab monitoring,

Missing a single dose increases clotting risk

17
Q

Atenolol

A

Brand: Tenormin

MOA: Selectively blocks beta1-receptors

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 25mg to 50mg once daily, may increase to 100mg once daily BID doses are acceptable

Contraindication(s):

 Sinus bradycardia

 Heart block greater than 1st degree

 Uncompensated cardiac failure

 Cardiogenic shock

BBW:

• Cessation of therapy

Key Points:

 Bradycardia (or rebound tachycardia if stopped abruptly)

 Fatigue and Lethargy

 Impotence

Hypotension

18
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Brand: Lipitor

MOA: Inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 10mg to 80mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Active liver disease

 Preganacy or wormen who may become pregnant

 Breastfeeding

 Unexplaned persistent elevations of serum transaminases

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Muscle pain and weakness

 Diarrhea

19
Q

Benazepril

A

Brand: Lotensin

MOA: Inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme, preventing the coversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 20mg to 80mg daily as a single dose or 2 evenly divided doses

Contraindication(s):

 History of angioedema

 Concurrent use of aliskiren in patients with diabetes

BBW:

• Fetal toxicity

Key Points:

 May cause dry cough

 Certain lab tests (K+ and sCr) may be increased and should be checked within 1-2 weeks of starting

 Angioedema, Lightheadedness, dizziness, orthostasis, hypotension

20
Q

Bisoprolol

A

Brand: Zebeta

MOA: Selective inhibitor of beta1-adrenergic receptors

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

5mg to 10mg once daily

Max 20mg/day

Contraindication(s):

 Sinus bradycardia

 Heart block greater than 1st degree

 Cardiogenic shock

 Overt cardiac failure

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Bradycardia (or rebound tachycardia if stopped abruptly)

 Fatigue and Lethargy

 Impotence, Hypotension

21
Q

Carvedilol

A

Brand: Coreg

MOA: Nonselectively blocks beta-adrenoreceptors and alpha-adrenoreceptors

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

HTN: 6.25mg to 25mg BID (Max 25mg BID)

HF Target: 25mg BID (Max 50mg BID)

Contraindication(s):

 Severe bradycardia

 Severe hepatic impairment

 Bronchial asthma or related bronchospastic conditions

 Second or third degree AV block

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Bradycardia (or rebound tachycardia if stopped abruptly)

 Fatigue and Lethargy

 Impotence, Orthostatic hypotension

22
Q

Clonidine

A

Brand: Catapres

MOA: Stimulates alpha2-adrenoceptors in the brain stem, thus activating an inhibitory neuron, resulting in reduced sympathetic outflow from the CNS

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

0.1mg BID Max 2.4mg/day

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW:

•Epidural use

Key Points:

 Dry mouth, dry eyes, constipation, urinary retention (anticholinergic)

 Lightheadedness, dizziness, orthostasis, hypotension

 Rebound hypertension if dc’ed abruptly

Na/Water retention

23
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Brand: Plavix

MOA: Irreversibly blocks the P2Y12 component of ADP receptors on the platelet surface

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 75mg once daily 300mg to 600mg loading dose

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

 Active pathological bleeding

BBW:

• Diminished antiplatelet effect in patients with two loss-of-function alleles of the CYP2C19 gene

Key Points:

 Rash

 Increased bleeding risk

24
Q

Dabigatran

A

Brand: Pradaxa

MOA: Specific, reversible, direct thrombin inhibitor that inhibits both free and fibrin-bound thrombin

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

AF: 150mg BID PE/DVT

Tx and Prevention: 150mg BID (after 5-10 days parenteral anticoagulation)

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

 Active pathological bleeding

 Patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves

BBW:

  • Thrombotic events
  • Spinal/Epidural hematoma

Key Points:

 do NOT chew/crush/open capsule.

Must dispense in manufacturers bottle

 Signs/Symptoms bleeding/clotting

 No routine lab monitoring

Missing a single dose increases clotting risk

25
Q

Dicylomine

A

Brand: Bentyl (anticholinergirc)

MOA: Blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, secretory glands, and the CNS

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 20mg to 40mg QID

Contraindication(s):

 Obstructive diseases of the GI tract

 Severe ulcerative colitis

 Breastfeeding

 Reflux esophagitis

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Dizziness

 Blurred Vision

 Xerostomia

Nausea

26
Q

Digoxin

A

Brand: Digox, Digitek, Lanoxin

MOA: Inhibits the sodium/potassium ATPase pump in myocardial cells leading to increased contractility Directly suppresses AV node conduction to increase effective refractory period and decrease conduction velocity

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 0.125mg to 0.25mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

 Ventricular fibrilation

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Can cause bradycardia

 Hyperkalemia

 Toxicity: vision halos,

Nausea and Vomitting

Narrow therapuitic index. Monitor levels.

P2 Top 200 (19 decks)

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