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P2 Top 200 > 50-75 Test 1 > Flashcards

50-75 Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Diltiazem

A

Brand: Cardizem, Cartia, Taztia, Tiazac

MOA: Inhibits calcium ions from entering select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization Schedule: legend

Dosing: 120mg to 320mg daily Max 480mg/day

Contraindication(s):

 Sick sinus syndrome

 second or thrid degree AV block

 Hypotension

 Acute MI

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Bradycardia

 Constipation

 Peripheral edema

Lightheadedness, dizziness, orthostasis, hypotension

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2
Q

Doxazosin

A

Brand: Cardura

MOA: Competitively inhibits postsynaptic alpha1-adrenergic receptors

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 1mg to 8mg once daily Max 8mg/day

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Dizziness

 Orthostatic hypotension

 Lethargy

Take at bedtime

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3
Q

Enalapril

A

Brand: Vasotec

MOA: Inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme, preventing the coversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

5mg to 40mg daily as a single dose or in 2 evenly divided doses

Doses 20mg or greater should be taken BID

Contraindication(s):

 Angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor

 Concurrent use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes

BBW:

• Fetal toxicity

Key Points:

 May cause dry cough

 Certain lab tests (K+ and sCr) may be increased and should be checked within 1-2 weeks of starting

 AngioedemaLightheadedness, dizziness, orthostasis, hypotension

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4
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Brand: Lovenox

MOA: Strong inhibitor of factor Xa Schedule: legend

Dosing:

DVT Prophylaxis: 30mg SQ q 12 hours or 40mg SQ once daily

PE/DVT Tx: 1mg/kg q 12 hours or 1.5mg/kg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity to heparin or pork products

 Thrombocytopenia associated with a positive test for antiplatelet antibodies in the presence of enoxaparin

 Active major bleeding

BBW:

• Spinal/Epidural hematoma

Key Points:

 Bleeding

 No routine lab monitoring

 Inject in the fatty areas at the sides of the waist

Inject prefilled air bubble with medication

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5
Q

Esomeprazole

A

Brand: Nexium

MOA: Suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

20mg to 40mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Severe hypersensitivity to PPIs

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Headache

 Take 60 minutes before food.

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6
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Brand: Zetia

MOA: Inhibits absorption of cholesterol at the brush border of the small intestine via the sterol transporter, Niemann-Pick C1-Like1 (NPC1L1)

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 10mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Concurrent use with a statin in patients with active hepatic disease

 Pregnancy and breastfeeding when used with a statin

BBW:

Key Points:

 Fatigue

 Diarrhea

 Arthralgia

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7
Q

Famotidine

A

Brand: Pepcid

MOA: Competitively inhibits histamine at H2 receptors of the gastric parietal cells, which inhibits gastric acid secretion

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 20mg to 40mg once daily or BID

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity to other H2 antagonists

BBW:

Key Points:

 Headache

 Diarrhea

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8
Q

Fenofibrate and Derivatives

A

Brand: Tricor, Trilipix, Fenoglide, Fibricor, Lipofen

MOA: Agonist for the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha), downregulates apoprotein C-III (an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase) and upregulates the synthesis of apolipoprotein A-I, fatty acid transport prote

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 30mg to 160mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Active liver disease

 Severe renal impairment or ESRD

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Abdominal Pain

 Hepatic injury

 Myalgia, Diarrhea

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9
Q

Furosemide

A

Brand: Lasix

MOA: Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle and proximal and distal renal tubules, interfering with the chloride-binding cotransport system, thus causing increased excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, and calciu

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

20mg to 80mg once daily up to q 6 hours

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

 Anuria

BBW:

• Fluid/electrolyte loss

Key Points:

 Hypokalemia

 Take in the morning

 Hyperuricemia

Possible sulfa cross-allergy

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10
Q

Gemfibrozil

A

Brand: Lopid

MOA: Inhibits lipolysis and decreases subsequent hepatic fatty acid uptake, inhibits hepatic secretion of VLDL

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

600mg BID 30 minutes before breakfast and dinner

Contraindication(s):

 Hepatic or severe renal dysfunction

 Primary biliary cirrhosis

 Preexisting gallbladder disease

 Concurrent use with dasabuvir, repaglinide, or simvastatin

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Upset stomach

 Fatigue and Lethargy

 Abdominal Pain

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11
Q

Hydralazine

A

Brand: Apresoline

MOA: Direct vasodilation of arterioles

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

10mg to 50mg QID Max 300mg/day

Contraindication(s):

 Coronary artery disease

 Mitrial valve rheumatic heart disease

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Headache

 palpitations/increase in HR

 Rarely lupus-like syndrome

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12
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Brand: Microzide

MOA: Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules causing increased excretion of sodium and water as well as potassium and hydrogen ions

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 12.5mg to 50mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

 Anuria

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Hypokalemia

 Photosensitivity

 possible sulfa cross-allergy

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13
Q

Irbesartan

A

Brand: Avapro

MOA: Antagonizes angiotensin receptors

Schedule: legend

Dosing: 150mg to 300mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

 Concurrent use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes

BBW: • Fetal toxicity

Key Points:

 Certain lab tests (K+ and sCr) may be increased and should be checked within 1-2 weeks of starting

 Lightheadedness, dizziness, orthostasis, hypotension

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14
Q

Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Brand: Avalide

MOA: See individual agents

Schedule: legend

Dosing: See individual agents

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

 Concurrent use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes

 Anuria

BBW: • Fetal toxicity

Key Points:

 See Individual Agents 

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15
Q

Isosorbide Dinitrate

A

Brand: Isordil

MOA: Activates cGMP leading to dephosphorylation of myosin light chains and smooth muscle relaxation

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

IR: 10mg to 40mg BID ro TID;

SR: 40mg to 160mg once daily >14 hour nitrate free time for IR, >18 hour nitrate free time for SR

Contraindication(s):

 Concurrent use with phosphodiesterase inhibitors or riociguat

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 May cause headache, dizziness

 For angina, should be dosed to preserve a nitrate-free period

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16
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate

A

Brand: Imdur

MOA: Activates cGMP leading to dephosphorylation of myosin light chains and smooth muscle relaxation

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

IR: 20mg BID given+B12 5-7 hours apart;

XR: 60mg to 120mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Concurrent use with phosphodiesterase inhibitors or riociguat

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 May cause headache, dizziness

 For angina, should be dosed to preserve a nitrate-free period

17
Q

Lansoprazole

A

Brand: Prevacid

MOA: Suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Ulcer/GERD: 15mg to 30mg once daily

H. pylori eradication: 30mg BID or TID

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Headache

 Diarrhea

 Take 30 minutes before food.

18
Q

Lisinopril

A

Brand: Zestril, Prinivil

MOA: Inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme, preventing the coversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

5mg to 40 mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor

 Cocomitant use of aliskerin in patients with diabetes

BBW: • Fetal toxicity

Key Points:

 May cause dry cough

 Certain lab tests (K+ and sCr) may be increased and should be checked within 1-2 weeks of starting

 AngioedemaLightheadedness, dizziness, orthostasis, hypotension

19
Q

Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Brand: Zestoretic

MOA: See individual agents

Schedule: legend

Dosing: See individual agents

Max 80mg/50mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity to sulfonamide-derived drugs

 Angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor

 Cocomitant use of aliskerin in patients with diabetes

 Idiopathic or heredetary angioedema

BBW: • Fetal toxicity

Key Points:

 See Individual Agents

20
Q

Losartan

A

Brand: Cozaar

MOA: Antagonizes angiotensin receptors, blocking the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin II

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

50mg to 100mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Cocomitant use of aliskerin in patients with diabetes

BBW: • Fetal toxicity

Key Points:

 Certain lab tests (K+ and sCr) may be increased and should be checked within 1-2 weeks of starting

 Lightheadedness, dizziness, orthostasis, hypotension

21
Q

Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Brand: Hyzaar

MOA: See individual agents

Schedule: legend

Dosing: See individual agents

Contraindication(s):

 Hypersensitivity to sulfonamide-derived drugs

 Cocomitant use of aliskerin in patients with diabetes

 anuria

BBW: • Fetal toxicity

Key Points:

 See Individual Agents

22
Q

Metoprolol

A

Brand: Lopressor, Toprol

MOA: Selectively blocks beta1-receptors Schedule: legend

Dosing:

IR: Angina, afib, HTN: 50mg to 100 mg BID Does not treat HF

ER: Angina and HTN: 25mg to 100 mg once daily

Afib: 50mg to 400 mg once daily

HF: Initiate 12.5mg to 25mg once daily and titrate to target 200mg once daily

Contraindication(s):

 Second or third degree heart block

 Sinus bradycardia

 Cardiogenic shock

BBW: • Ischemic heart disease

Key Points:

 Fatigue and Lethargy

 Bradycardia (or rebound tachycardia if stopped abruptly)

 Impotence

Succinate = long acting  Tartrate = short acting

23
Q

Niacin

A

Brand: Niaspan

MOA: Inhibits of release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue and increases lipoprotein lipase activity

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

IR: 1.5g to 3g daily in two to three evenly divided doses (Max 6g/day)

ER: 1g to 2g q HS (Max 2g/day)

Contraindication(s):

 Active liver disease

 Active peptic ulcer

 Arterial hemorrhage

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Flushing reaction

 Hepatic injury

 Can take with cold water or food to reduce flushing

Flushing will get less severe with time

24
Q

Nifedipine

A

Brand: Adalat, Procardia, Afeditab

MOA: Acts on vascular smooth muscle to produce peripheral arterial vasodilation by inhibiting calcium ions from entering select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

IR: Angina only: 10mg to 20mg TID (Max 180mg/day)

ER: HTN and angina: 30mg to 90mg once daily (Max 120mg/day)

Contraindication(s):

 Use in patients with STEMI

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Peripheral edema

 Flushing

 hypotensiongingival hyperplasia

25
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Brand: Nitrostat, Nitro-Bid, Nitro-Dur, Nitrolingual

MOA: Activates cGMP leading to dephosphorylation of myosin light chains and smooth muscle relaxation

Schedule: legend

Dosing:

Sublingual tablet: 0.3mg to 0.6mg q 5 minutes (Max 3 tablets within 15 mintues)

PO tablet: 2.5mg to 6.5 mg TID or QID

Contraindication(s):

 Concurrent use with phosphodiesterase inhibitors or riociguat

BBW: • None

Key Points:

 Place under tongue, do not swallow or chew

 Keep in original bottle - Replace routinely and check expiration date

 May use up to 3 doses q5 min. If no symptom relief after 1 dose, call 911.

Used for chest pain, sit before taking dose, may cause dizziness

P2 Top 200 (19 decks)

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