Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement Flashcards
1
Q
Thermosetting plastics
A
Plastics that are hardened into a permanent shape in the manufacturing process and are not subject to softening when reheated
Examples:
- Vulcanized rubber
- Bakelite
2
Q
Thermoplastics
A
Synthetic material made from the polymerization of organic compounds….Can be reheated, melted, and remolded into new shapes
3
Q
Exit access examples
A
- Corridor leading to the exit opening
- Aisle within an assembly occupancy that is designed to accomodate and conduct people to an exit
- Pathway leading from inside a space to an exit
- Unenclosed ramp or stairs
- Occupied room or space
4
Q
Exit examples
A
- Doors at ground level that lead directly to the outside of the building
- Exit passageway to the outside: 1. Must be constructed of the same fire resistance material as exit stairs; 2. Must be wide enough to accomodate total capacity of all exits that discharge through it
- Horizontal exit - Require 2 hr walls; 1.5 hr doors
- Stairway that is enclosed by fire-resistance rated walls and self closing doors (Smokeproof enclosure) - Provide the highest degree of fire protection of stair enclosures that the model codes require
5
Q
Exit discharge examples
A
- Exterior walkway along the side of a structure from the exit to a public way
- Privately owned driveway or alley that connects exit to public way
6
Q
Ramp dimensions
A
- 44 inches wide w/ a maximum slope of 1 ft of rise for every 12 ft of horizontal distance
- Max length - 30 ft without a landing
7
Q
Required # of exits
A
- 500 or less = 2
- 500-1000 = 3
- 1000 + = 4
8
Q
Location of exits
one-half diagonal rule
A
- When 2 exits are required, they are to be located not less than one-half the length of the overall diagonal dimension of the room.
- 3 exits+ : at least 2 will meet the minimum separation requirements
9
Q
Dead-end corridor
A
Condition that exists when a corridor has no outlet to a means of egress and is more than 20 ft in length
10
Q
Primary feeders
A
- Arterial mains
- 16-72 inches
- Rarely attached to hydrants
11
Q
Secondary feeders
A
- 12-14 inches
- Each can be isolated by control valves
12
Q
Distributors
A
- 6-8 inches
- Serve individual hydrants and commercial and residential consumers
13
Q
Control valves on water mains
A
- Should be exercised once a year
- Max lengths for valve spacing should be 500 ft in high value districts and 800 ft in other areas
14
Q
Wet-pipe sprinkler system
A
Continually charged w/ water under pressure
15
Q
Dry-pipe sprinkler system
A
Continually charged w/ air under pressure
16
Q
Deluge sprinkler system
A
- Open sprinklers attached to unpressurized dry pipes
- Activated when a detection device senses fire
- All sprinklers discharge water simultaneously
17
Q
Preaction sprinkler system
A
- Continually charged with air that may or may not be under pressure
- Only operates when both a sprinkler opens and a detection device in the same area activate the water-flow control valve
18
Q
Antifreeze sprinkler system
A
- Wet-pipe system continually charged with antifreeze solution
- Antifreeze solution must be changed once a year
19
Q
Circulating closed-loop sprinkler system
A
- Wet-pipe system that uses the sprinkler system to circulate water for non-fire protection building services such as heating and cooling
- Closed system in which water is not removed unless sprinklers are activated
20
Q
Combined dry pipe and preaction sprinkler system
A
- Continually charged w/ air pressure combined w/ a detection system that controls the operation of the water-flow control valve
- The detection system activates water-control valve, the release of pressurized air in the system and the facility alarm
- When charged w/ water, activation of the individual sprinklers will discharge water
- Rare and only installed on large wharves where large stockpiles are found
21
Q
Gridded sprinkler system
A
- System of parallel cross mains connected by multiple branch lines
- Activated heads will receive water from both mains
- Advantage of water flow to the heads from multiple directions
22
Q
Looped sprinkler system
A
- Interconnected cross mains that provide multiple routes for water to reach any point in the system
- Branch lines are not interconnected
- Common design because of advantage of water flow from multiple directions
23
Q
Multicycle sprinkler system
A
- Designed to operate repeatedly in response to a detection device
- Turns on and off based on the demand indicated by the detection device
24
Q
Water supply for Class I and Class III standpipe systems must provide the following
A
- 500 gpm for 30 minutes with a residual pressure of 100 psi at the most hydraulically remote 2½” outlet
- Min of 65 psi for most remote 1½” outlet
- If more than one standpipe is required, 250 gpm for each additional riser to a max of 2,500 gpm
- Horizontal standpipe systems that supply 3 or more Class I or III hose stations, a min of 750 gpm is required…
- Class II 100 gpm for 30 min … 65 psi residual
25
Q
3 reasons for a 2½” outlet on roof for Class I or III systems
A
- Combustible roof
- Combustible structure or equipment on the roof
- Exposures that present a fire hazard
26
Q
Pressure restricting devices
A
- Each standpipe discharge is fitted w/ a restricting orifice w/ different sizes being required for each floor and application
- Limited to systems with 1½” hose discharges and 175 psi max pressure
- Not preferred
27
Q
Pressure-control devices
A
- Preferred for managing excessive pressure
- Considered most reliable - use pitot gauge to read and automatically reduce
28
Q
Pressure-reducing devices
A
- Preferred for managing excessive pressure
- Use a spring mechanism that dompensates for variations in pressure
- Balance available pressure within a system with pressure required for hoseline
29
Q
CO2 systems are designed to deliver at least ___% concentration of CO2
A
34%
- High pressure = 850 psi
- Low pressure = 300 psi @ 0oF
30
Q
In areas where class K fires are likely, the maximum travel distance from the hazard to the extinguisher is ___
A
30ft
31
Q
Common conditions that can generate a static discharge
A
- Nonconductive fluids flowing through pipes
- Liquids breaking into drops and drops hitting liquid or solid surfaces
- Air, gas, or steam flowing from an opening in a hose or pipe (especially w/ cryogenics)
- Pulverized materials, traveling thu chutes or pneumatic transfer devices
- Slurry loading of materials including explosive, animal feed, or waste processing
- Belts in motion
- Moving vehicles
Note: Generation of static electricity cannot be prevented
32
Q
Heated quenching
A
- Temps range from 200º to 400o
- Normal flash point is 500o
- A quenching oil should never be allowed to be within 50o of its flash point
33
Q
Unheated quenching
A
- Temps from 100o to 200o
- Flash point of 300o
34
Q
Automatic-wet standpipe system
A
- Contains water in the system
- Water supply control valve is open
- Pressure is maintained at all times
35
Q
Automatic-dry standpipe system
A
- Contains air under pressure
- Water is admitted by the operation of a valve controlled by an electrical switch located at each hose station
- Disadvantage of greater cost and maintenence
36
Q
Semiautomatic-dry standpipe system
A
- Contains unpressurized air in the system
- Admits water through the use of a dry-pipe valve when hose is opened
37
Q
Manual-dry standpipe system
A
- Contains unpressurized air in pipes
- Has no permanent water supply
- Water must be supplied thru FDC
38
Q
Manual-wet standpipe system
A
- Maintains water from a domestic fill connection in the piping for the purpose of detecting leaks in the system
- No permanently connected water source is attached
- Water must provided thru FDC
39
Q
Heat energy comes from one or more of the following sources
A
- Chemical
- Mechanical
- Electrical
- Light
- Nuclear
40
Q
Factors that influence fire development in a compartment
A
- Fuel type
- Availability and location of additional fuels
- Compartment volume and ceiling height
- Ventilation
- Thermal properties of the compartment
- Ambient conditions (wind, temp, humidity)
- Effects of changing conditions
41
Q
Every structure is composed of the following building elements
A
- Structural fram
- Load bearing walls; interior and extertior
- Exterior nonbearing walls and partitions
- Interior nonbearing walls and partitions
- Floor construction
- Roof construction
42
Q
Assembly occupancies are used for the gathering of ___ or more persons
A
50
Churches, synagogues, mosques, restaurants, theaters, arenas
43
Q
Assembly occupancy classes
A
- Class A: 1000+
- Class B: 301-1000
- Class C: 50-300
44
Q
Residential board and care occupancies are locations where lodging, boarding, and personal care are provided to ___ or more residents who are unrelated to the owner
A
- 4
- Staff members are responsible for safety and welfare of residents but do not provide medical or nursing care
- Can be classified as slow, prompt, impractical for evac purposes
45
Q
Educations occupancy
A
- 6 or more; Pre-school-12th grade
46
Q
Health care occupancies
A
- 4 or more
- Cannot evac without assistance from staff
47
Q
Rooming House
A
- Provide 24 hour accomdations for 16 or fewer individuals for rent
48
Q
Dormitory
A
- 16 or more persons
49
Q
Solubility
A
Extent to which a substance will mix with water
50
Q
Piloted ignition
A
- When a mixture of fuel and ogygen encounter an external heat source with sufficient heat energy to start combustion process
- Most common
51
Q
Autoignition
A
- Occurs without any external flame or spark to ignite the fuel gases or vapors
- Autoignition temperature - Temp to which the surface of a substance must be heated for ignition to occur
- AIT is always higher than its piloted ignition temp
52
Q
Class A fires
A
- Ordinary, solid, combustible materials
- Wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics
53
Q
Class B fires
A
- Flammable and combustible liquids and gases
- Gasoline, oil, lacquer, paint, mineral spirits, alcohol
54
Q
Class C fires
A
- Energized electrical equipment
55
Q
Class D fires
A
- Comustible metals
- Aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, titanium, zirconium
- Particularly hazardous in powdered form
56
Q
Class K fires
A
- Oils and greases found in commercial kitchens and food prep facilities using deep fryers
- Saponification turns fat and oils into soapy foam
57
Q
Fire tetrahedron
A
- Fuel (Reduicing agent)
- Oxygen
- Heat
- Self-sustained chemical reaction
58
Q
Type IV (Heavy Timber) floor:
A
- 3 inches thick floor decking
- 1 inch finished floor
- Decking is supported by 6x10 inch beams
59
Q
Panic hardware
A
- Latch release - 15 pounds
- Door in motion - 30 pounds
60
Q
Sprinklers can be omitted in the following areas in one-two family dwellings
A
- Bathrooms not over 55 square feet
- Small closets not more than 24 square feet and having a short wall that does not exceed 3 ft
- Garages
- Porches
- Carports
- Uninhabited attics
- Entrance hallways
61
Q
Class D agents
A
- NA-X
- MET-L-X
- LITH-X - does not form a crust on the burning metal
62
Q
Dry chemical agents
A
- Sodium bicarbonate - Also know as ordinary dry chem
- Potassium bicarbonate - Purple-K; most effective on Class B and C fires; same amount of this as sodium bicarb can put out a fire twice the size
- Monoammonium phosphate - Multipurpose dry chem; effective on A, B, C fires
63
Q
Ionization detectors
A
- Changes in humidity and atmospheric pressure can cause false alarm
- Cooking fat/grease
- Flammable liquids
- Newspapers
- Paint
- Cleaning solutuions
64
Q
Photoelectric detectors
A
Best suited for:
- Living rooms, bedrooms and kitchens
- These rooms have large pieces of furniture and create more smoke than flames
- Responds more quickly to smoldering fires than ionization detectors
65
Q
Protected premise (Local alarm) system
A
- Alerts only buildings occupants
- No provisions for offsite reporting
- Can be activated manually (pull station) or by automatic device (smoke detectors)
- Non-coded alarm - Simplest
- Zoned-Annunciated alarm
- Addressable alarm - Most effective; can pinpoint activated device
66
Q
Flashover
A
- The rapid transition between growth and fully developed fire stages
- Not a specific event like ignition
- When the temp in a compartment results in the simultaneous ignition of all combustible elements in the space
- Range from approx 900o to 1,200o
- Fuel must have sufficient heat energy to develop flashover conditions
- Ventilation is the 2nd factor, a developing fire must have sufficient oxygen to reach flashover
67
Q
The most fundamental fuel characteristics influencing fire development are ____
A
Mass and surface area
68
Q
Type II construction
A
- Composed of building materials that will not contribute to fire spread
- Consists of noncombustible materials that do no meet the stricter requirements of those used in Type I
- Most common - metal framing, metal cladding, or concrete block walls w/ metal deck roofs supported by open web steel joists
- Used when fire risk is low or when fire suppression and detection systems are designed to meet the hazard load
- Can have combustible roof systems, flooring and display areas
- Also combustible features can include balconies or wall coverings for aesthetic purposes
69
Q
Type III construction
A
- Used when building churches, schools, apartments, or mecantile structures
- Required exterior walls to be of noncombustible materials and interior elements be constructed of any material permitted by code
- Brick, concrete, and reinforced concrete are used for exterior and interior nonbearing walls
- Floors, roofs, and interior nonbearing framing and partitions are constructed of small dimension wood or metal stud systems
70
Q
Type V construction
A
- Known as wood frame or frame construction
- Exterior bearing walls are made entirely of wood and other combustible materials
- A veneer of brick or stone may be used over wood framing
- Common example is single family dwelling
- Most often consists of 2x4 inch studs, steel or aluminum studs, or wood sill plates
71
Q
Type I construction
A
- Composed of only noncombustible or limited combustible materials
- Provides the highest level of safety
- Can be expected to remain structurally stable for duration of fire resistance of members
- All structural members are made of ony noncombustible materials and posess a high fire-resistance rating
- Reinforced concrete and precast concrete along with protected steel frame construction
72
Q
Type IV construction
A
- Also know as Heavy Timber
- Uses large-dimensioned lumber (greater than 4 inches for all structural members)
- Any materials used and not composed of wood must have a fire-resistance rating of 1 hour
- Extremely stable and more resistant to collapse than other types not protected by fire suppression system
- When on fire, elements form an insulating effect derived from timbers own char
- Exterior walls composed of noncombustibles
- Interior elements are solid or laminated wood with no concealed spaces
73
Q
Masonry walls
A
- Minimum of 6 inches thick
- Thickness depends on the height of the building and method of construction
- Course - Bricks laid side by side in a horizontal layer
- Wythe - Horizontal course laid on top of each other in a vertica layer
- The strength and stability of wall are derived from the weight of the masonry and horizontal bonding between adjacent wythes
- Stretcher course - bricks are placed end-to-end
- Soldier course - bricks are placed vertically on end
- Header course - bricks are laid flat on its bed; face perpendicular to the face of the wall; bonds two wythes
74
Q
Curtain walls
A
- When a building is constructed using a structural frame for its main structural support, the exterior wall functions only to enclose the building
75
Q
Enclosure walls
A
- Use to encompass vertical openings such as stairwells, elevator shafts and pipe chases
- The fire resistive walls used for shaft and enclosure walls must be fire barriers
- Walls must have fire resistance rating of 1 or 2 hours depending on height building
- Usually non-load bearing; sometimes with masonry stair enclosures
76
Q
Stairs
A
- Must be at least 44 inches wide
- 36 inches wide if occupant load for all floors is less than 50 people
- Stair treads must be solid and slip-resistant
- Landings must be provided so that no flight of stairs are greater than 12 feet
- Handrails are required
- Stairs that are really wide may have to have intermediate handrails in middle
- Treads and risers must be in good condition
- 3 stories or less = 1 hr fire rating
- 4 stories or more = 2 hr fire rating
- Doors are 1 hr for 1hr rated enclosure and 1.5 hr for 2 hr rated enclosure
77
Q
High rise buildings
A
- Min riser is 4 inch for building less than 100’
- Min riser is 6 inch for buildings over 100’
- When a class I or Class II standpipe exceeds 100’, the top 100’ ft is allowed to be 4”
- Class II risers - 2” for buildings less than 50 ft; 2½” for buildings over 50’; buildings over 275’ must be divided into sections
- Combined standpipe and sprinklers - min is 6”
- Locate all standpipes so that any part of floor within 130’ of the hose connection; 100 foot hose with 30’ fire stream
- Standpipe connection commonly located in noncombutible fire-rated stair enclosures
- Actual hose connections cannot be located no more than 6’ from floor level
78
Q
NA-X (Class D agent)
A
- Class D extinguisher
- Sodium, potassium, sodium-potassium alloy
- NOT suitable for magnesium
- Forms an encasing crust
- Causes oxygen deficiency
- For use on burning materials at fuel temps up to 1,400o
79
Q
MET-L-X (Class D agent)
A
- Used on magnesium, sodium, potassium
- Forms crust
- Non-abrasive, no known toxic effects
80
Q
LITH-X
A
- Graphite based
- Extinguishes by conducting heat away from the fuel after a layer of the powder has been applied
- Lithium, magnesium, zirconium, sodium
- Does not form a crust
81
Q
Extinguisher placement
A
- Extinguishers less than 40 lbs should be installed so that the top of the extinguisher is not more than 5 ft above the floor
- Greater than 40 lbs, except wheeled types - 3.5 ft
- Clearance between bottom extinguisher and the floor should never be less than 4 inches
82
Q
Lumberyards
A
- Primary hazard = high fuel load
- Conditions that equal serious proportions: Large, undivided stacks of materials; congested storage conditions; delayed fire protection; inadequate fire protection; combos of Class A and B materials close proximity
- Lumber stacks must be located on solid ground
- Heights of stacks must not exceed 20’
- Driveways must be spaced so that a maximum grid system of not more than 50’x150’ is produced
83
Q
Fire watch
A
- Must be maintained 30 minutes after any job is completed
- Must monitor 35’ radius
84
Q
Fire lanes
A
- Fire lanes must extend to within 150’ of all portions of the building
- Minimum of 16’ wide; 20’ adjacent to buildings for one way travel; 24’ for 2 way travel
- Vertical clearance must be a minumum of 13.5’
85
Q
3 key elements to an evacuation plan
A
- Evacuation routes
- Monitor duties
- Employee/occupant duties
86
Q
Emergency evacuation drills should be conducted a minimum of ___ per year
A
Twice
87
Q
Chemical heat energy
A
- Energy that is released when 2 or more chemicals combine and react with one another
- Most common source of heat in combustion reactions
88
Q
Mechanical heat energy
A
- Created by friction and compression
- Heat of friction: When 2 surfaces move against each other
- Heat of compression: When a gas is compressed
89
Q
Electrical heat energy
A
- Generated as electrical current passes through a conductor such as copper wire
- Overcurrent or overload: Unintended resistance heating
- Arcing: High temp luminous electrical discharge across a gap or through a medium such as charred insulation
- Sparking: Luminos particles that form and spatter away from the point of arcing
90
Q
Suction tanks
A
- Located at ground level and provide a water supply source for pressure increasing fire pumps
- Usually 100,000 to 300,000 gallons
- But 5,000 to 1,000,000 may be found
91
Q
Pressure tanks
A
- Used for limited fire protection services
- Contain water under air pressure
- Should be provided with low/high water-level and air-pressure supervision gauges
- Range from 3,000 - 9,000 gallons
92
Q
Fixed-temperature heat detectors
A
- Inexpensive
- Least prone to false activations
- Slowest to activate under fire conditions
- Must be placed in ceilings, atriums
- Low - Uncolored - 100 -134
- Ordinary - Uncolored - 135-174
- Intermediate - White - 175-249
- High - Blue - 250-324
- Extra High - Red - 325-399
- Very Extra High - Green - 400-499
- Ultra High - Orange - 500-575
93
Q
Plot plan
A
Indicates how buildings are situated with respect to other structures and streets in area
94
Q
Floor plan
A
Shows the layout of individual floors, subfloors, and roofs
95
Q
Elevation view
A
Shows side views of structures depicting # of floors and grades of surrounding ground
96
Q
3 factors to determine if inspector needs to obtain and administrative warrant
A
- Severity of the nature of the complaint
- Type of occupancy
- Location within the occupancy
97
Q
Fire walls
A
- Can be constructed with fire ratings of 2 or more hours
- Highest required is 4 hours
- Allow a reduction in hourly rating when a building has sprinklers
- Fire walls must extend beyond roofs to prevent the radiant heat from igniting adjacent surfaces
98
Q
Fire doors
A
- Rates as 4, 3, 1.5, 1, 3/4 and 1/3
99
Q
Class B extinguishers are rated from 1-B through 640-B
A
The number indicates the approx area in square footage of fire involved
100
Q
Protected stairs
A
- 1 or 2 hours depending on building height
- Penetrations for building services are prohibited… only light and fire protection
- non combustible or limited combustible construction
101
Q
Flame spread ratings
A
- Class A (0-25) - vertical exits
- Class B (26-75) - corridors that provide exit access
- Max flame spread rating is 200
102
Q
Steel
A
- Alloy of iron and carbon
- Common structural steel has less 0.3% carbon
- Cast Iron has 3-4% carbon which produces hard but brittle material
- Lower carbon = less likely to break
- Flame resistant but can melt
103
Q
Disadvantages of steel
A
- Tendency to rust when exposed to air and moisture
- Loss of strength when steel is exposed to fire
Factors when steel fails
- Mass of steel members
- Intensity of fire
- Load supported by steel
- Type of structural connections
Bar joists or slender trusses fail early
Massive steel beams and girders usually stay in place under heavy fire
104
Q
Rigid frames
A
- Used for one story industrial buildings, farm buildings
- Used for spans from 40-200 ft
- Top is known as crown
- Points where inclined members intersect the vertical members are knees
- Must be braced diagonally
105
Q
Post and beam framing
A
- Columns (posts) and beam dimensions are less than heavy timber but greater than light-frame
- Posts are usually 4x4 or 6x6
- Posts spaced 4-12 ft
- Interior wood is left exposed
106
Q
Heavy timber
A
- Columns are not less than 8x8
- Beams (except roof beams) are not less than 6x10
- Mortise and tenon joint: Timber member is cut to fit into a recess in a mating member
- Heavy timbers cut from a single log are usually not greater than 20 ft
107
Q
Party walls
A
- A wall that lies on a lot line between 2 buildings and is common to both buildings
- Erected to limit the max spread of fire
- Almost always load bearing walls
- Frequently function as fire walls and extend through the roof
- Common location for breach is in attic or cockloft
- Against code to breach party wall for any reason
108
Q
3 Roof categories
A
- Flat
- Pitched
- Curved
109
Q
Trusses
A
- Made of a group of triangles in one plane
- Use less material and lighter than a beam or joist for an equal span
- Reduced mass makes them vulnerable to early failure
- Span lengths run from 10-over 60 ft
110
Q
5 Door types
A
- Swinging
- Sliding
- Folding
- Vertical
- Revolving
111
Q
Escalators
A
- Move at speed of either 90 or 120 ft per minute
112
Q
Lead acid batteries contain the following 2 hazards
A
- Sulfuric acid
- Metallic lead
113
Q
Egress doors
A
- Must be 36” wide but no more than 48” wide
- Must be wide enough to fit the # of people expected to travel through the door in an emergency
- Floor must be level on each side of door
114
Q
Hydrant inspections and flow test should be conducted:
A
- Inspections - Annually
- Flow test - Every 5 years
115
Q
Wet chemical extinguishers
A
- Most effective on deep fat fryers
- Typically composed of water and either potassium carbonate, potassium citrate, or potassium acetate
- The generation of soapy foam is called saponification which occurs as a result of reactions with fats and generates steam
116
Q
5 major stationary fire pumps
A
- Horizontal split case pump - Most common
- Vertical split case pump
- Vertical inline pump
- Vertical turbine pump
- End suction pump
117
Q
CO2 Systems
A
- High pressure, CO2 is stored at a pressure of about 850 psi
- Low pressure: Protects much larger hazards and is stored at 300 psi at 0oF
118
Q
Gypsum board types
A
- Regular: Used for most applications
- Water-resistant
- Type X: Fire rated assemblies
- Type C: Fire rated assemblies
- Foil-backed: Eliminates the vapor barrier in outside walls
- Coreboard: Shaft walls and solid partitions
119
Q
Angle of approach
A
Generally and angle of 8o is necessary to allow apparatus to drive onto lane without striking the ground with that tailboard or front bumper
120
Q
3 common types of portable fire extinguishers
A
- Stored-pressure: Air-pressurized water most common
- Cartridge-operated: CO2 or nitrogen; found in industrial ops (paint spraying or solven manufacturing)
- Pump-operated: Limited to the use of water
121
Q
Alphabetical Letter Designations
Fire Doors
A
- A - Openings in fire walls that divide a structure into separate fire areas
- B - Vertical shafts
- C - Rooms and corridors; 1 hr or less
- D - Severe
- E - Moderate
122
Q
Protected Premises (Local)
A
- Transmits both a visible and an audible alarm only within the immediate premises
- No off-site reporting
- Alert building occupants
- Activated by pull stations or detectors
3 Types
- Noncoded - Simplest; All alarms simultaneously; Not capable of identifying device; small occupancies
- Zoned/Annunciated - General location; building, floor, zone
- Addressable - Most effective; each device connected to specific indicator on FACP
123
Q
Auxiliary Fire Alarm
A
- Connected to municipal fire alarm system
- Alarms are transmitted to telecommunications center
- Same equipment; same alarms as manual fire alarm boxes
2 types:
- Local energy system - Own power source
- Shunt system - Connected to an integral part of the municpal fire-alarm system; depends municipal system power
124
Q
Proprietary
A
- Large commercial and industrial buildings; high rises, college campuses
- Each building has its own system connected to a common receiving point in the facility
- Reps of occupant summon fire thru telephone or system controls
125
Q
Central Station
A
- Receiving point is located outside the protected premises and is monitored by a contracted service
126
Q
Remote Receiving
A
- Common in localities not served by central station systems
- Connected thru leased telephone line
- Radio signal may also be used
127
Q
Rate of rise heat detectors
A
- Pneumatic Line - Tubing arranged over a wide area of coverage
- Pneumatic Spot - Self-contained
- Rate-compensation - Areas w/ reg temp changes but slower than fire conditions; bimetallic sleeve; 2 bowed struts
- Electronic spot-type - One or more thermistors
128
Q
Nature of hazard
Light, Ordinary, Extra
A
- Light hazard = Classrooms, churches, assembly halls
- Ordinary = Mercantile storage, light manufacturing, parking garages, warehouses below 12’ of storage
- Extra = Auto repair shops, painting facilities, manufacturing ops that use flammable liquids, restaurant w/ deep fat fryers; high piled storage
129
Q
True Scalar
A
*
130
Q
NFPA 86 Standard on Ovens and Furnaces
A
- Class A - Atmospheric pressure; potential for explosion when flammable volatiles are processed or heated
- Class B - Atmospheric pressure; No volatiles are being heated
- Class C - Potential hazard due to a flammable material or special atmosphere present; any type of heating system; integral quench furnaces and molten salt bath furnaces
- Class D - Operates from above ambient to over 5000oF; below atmospheric pressure; any type heating;
131
Q
Residential sprinkler systems
A
- Omitted from
- Bathroom < 55 sf
- closets < 24 sf and wall < 3ft
- garages
- porches
- carports
- uninhabited attics
- entrance hallways
- spacing 144 sf per sprinkler
- spacing between sprinklers = 12 ft
- distance from wall = 6ft
- minumum pipe size = 1/2 inch
- 18 gpm
- 2 or more = 13 gpm
132
Q
Horizontal split-case pump
A
- Most common
- Drive shaft on horizontal plane w/ pump one end of shaft and driver (motor) on the other
- Not self-priming (cannot draft)
- 500-1500 gpm
133
Q
Vertical split-case pump
A
- Similar to horizontal split-case
- Impellar shaft runs vertically
- Always by electic motor that sits on top of the pump
- 500-1500 gpm
134
Q
Vertical inline pump
A
- Fits into the intake/discharge line w/ driver located above the inline impeller
- ease of installation;ease of maintenence
- up to 1500 gpm; 165 psi
135
Q
Vertical turbine
A
- Well pumps in nonfire-protection applications
- Multi stage
- up to 500 psi
136
Q
Proportioners
A
- Balanced pressure - Monitor demand; adjust amount of concentrate; concentrate from some outlets and water from other same time
- Around-the-pump - bypass line; most common in fire trucks; does not allow foam and water at same time; if incoming pressure > 10psi
- Pressure proportioning
- Coupled - Positive displacement
137
Q
Polar solvents
A
- Alcohol
- Methanol
- MEK
138
Q
Hydrocarbon
A
- Gasoline
- Diesel fuel
- Pentane
139
Q
Recovery
A
- Return the operational area to a safe condition
- Debrief personnel before they leave the scene
- Return equipment and personnel to conditions before incident
140
Q
Termination
A
- Critiques
- After-Action analysis
- Operational weakness
- Training needs
- Necessary procedural changes
- Required additional resources
- Plan updates/required changes
141
Q
Blood Agents
- Arsine
- Hydrogen cyanide
- Cyanogen chloride
A
- Arsine
- Colorless
- Nonirritating Toxic
- Garlic odor
- Hydrogen cyanide
- Colorless
- Highly volatile
- Highly soluble
- Faint odor (bitter almonds)
- Less dense than air
- 25% of pop unable to smell it
- Cyanogen chloride
- Colorless
- Highly volatile
- Only slightly soluble
- Heavier than air
- Eyes and mucous membranes irritation
142
Q
A
