Fire Hazard Recognition Flashcards
What are some examples of unsafe behaviors? (308)
Inadequate Housekeeping
Unintentional Ignition Sources
Open Burning
Improper use of electrical equipment
Improve use and storage of flammable and combustible liquids
Name some of the unsafe behaviors inspectors may encounter when dealing with flammable and combustible liquids (313-314)
- Improperly dispensing, mixing, or transferring flammable and combustible liquids
- Using flammable liquids for cleaning
- Storing flammable or combustible liquids in unapproved containers or locations
- Using a flammable liquid such as gasoline to ignite a solid fuel, such as charcoal briquettes
Name some of the actions that must be taken to control hazards when handling compressed/liquefied gas cylinders. (317-318)
- Use only cylinders approved for interstate transportation of compressed/liquefied gases (those marked with appropriate DOT approval codes)
- Verify that numbers or marks stamped on cylinders remain in place and unchanged with the exception of those made by hydrostatic testing organizations.
- Roll cylinders on their bottom edges, don’t drag
- Protect cylinders from cuts or other physical damage
- Use manufacturer-approved lifting devices and methods for moving cylinders (electromagnet may not be used)
- Ensure employees do not drop cylinders or let them strike each other
- Verify that employees do not tamper with safety devices on the valves of cylinders
- Contact supplier or mfr when in doubt about proper handling of compressed gas cylinder or its contents
- Mark empty cylinders with work “EMPTY” or “MT” (phonetic of Empty), and secure their valve caps in place
What are some of the signs that could indicate electrical hazards are present? (320)
- Worn Electrical Equipment
- Improper Use of Electrical Equipment
- Defective or Improper Electrical Installations
What kinds of information should an inspector be prepared to verify when onsite at a storage facility or retail outlet? (322-323, 325-326)
- Changes in contents that may increase the fuel load
- Changes in storage arrangement or height that may require changes in storage systems, in-rack sprinkler arrangements, and access aisle width.
- Recognize appropriate distances between materials
- Note housekeeping issues
- Be aware of fire protection measures specified for materials
Inspectors should review storage documentation before conducting an inspection at a storage facility or retail outlet. Onsite they should verify:
- Building construction characteristics
- Location of fire walls, fire door assemblies, and fire barriers
- Types and classifications of stored commodities, including plastics
- Type of packing material used
- Methods of storage
- Maximum storage height of commodities
- Type and design of automatic sprinkler system and the fire pump if provided
- Type of water system on site; should meet minimum flow and pressure for the system
- Location of water sources, hydrants, standpipes, and fire department connections
- Locations and types of smoke and fire detectors
- Method of smoke removal
- Training records for facility personnel
- Disposal method/storage of waste and packing materials
- Introduction of high-risk commodities
- Maintain required clearances between sprinklers and stored materials
- Maintain clear specified aisle dimensions
- Fire detection and reporting systems
- Security systems
- Structural and electrical systems
- Storage methods and practices
- Locator and lot identification systems
- Documents to include household goods descriptive inventories, weight tickets, warehouse receipts, service orders
What are the some of the issues with Pallet Storage? (323-324)
With multiple stacked pallets it is more difficult for water from a sprinkler to reach, wet, and control a fire.
- Materials are stacked 3 to 4 feet high on each pallet, with several pallets stacked this may approach 30 feet in height
- Air space between top and bottom layers of pallets (~4”) created significant fire hazard b/c provides path for promoting spread of fire
- Materials are often completely encapsulated in plastic wrap (cocooning)
- Plastic encapsulation prevents fire suppression system water from penetrating surface of stored material
- Packing/wrapping adds to the fuel load
- Pallets stacked several layers high prevent sprinkler water from reaching bottom layers
- Plastic pallets change the commodity class if sprinkler system not designed for Group A plastics
What does Rack Storage represent the most challenging fire protection problem in comparison to Pallet Storage and Solid Piling storage methods? (324)
It exposes more surface area to a fire and provides pathways for the spread of fire, such as flue spaces.
Which storage method provides a fire with the least chance to develop and why? (324-325)
Solid piling. Materials are stacked directly on top of each other which limits the air space between the fuel units.
What are examples of commodities that are considered high-piled combustible storage when stored at a specific height above the finished floor? (325)
Vehicle Tires
Plastics
Flammable Liquids
Unused Pallets
What are some of the code provisions for open-yard lumber storage? (329-330)
- Lumber stacks must be on solid ground, preferably paved or surfaced with material such as cinders, fine gravel, stone
- Heights of stacks may not exceed 20 feet, so they remain stable and limit material available in event of fire
- Gates and driveways must be wide enough to accommodate fire department’s largest vehicle
- Turning radium of all driveways must accommodate largest fire apparatus
- Fire department-approved padlocks or key boxes provided
What are the two main hazards associated with recycling plants? (331)
- Bulk storage of combustible materials
- Hazardous processes conducted on the the premises
Identify fire and life safety hazards presented by heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. (335)
- The spread of fire and products of combustion through the air handling system
- Fire hazards from heating appliances
List some of the hazards associated with boilers. (339)
- Gases can build in system and ignite when a mechanical failure occurs
- Natural Gas fired: Leaking gas and buildup of fuel-rich mixtures if a burner fails
- Coal fired: Hazards when debris is mixed with coal
- Oil-fired: from the fuels, oil leaks, or interruptions in oil flow caused by water or sludge in the fuel
- Coal dust accumulating in areas adjacent to unit’s fire box, developing an explosive atmosphere if dust becomes airborne
- Failure of the vessel can be catastrophic due to elevated operating pressures
- Deterioration or modification of unit exhaust may cause a dangerous buildup of carbon monoxide in the structure
What is a Type I hood used for? What is a Type II hood used for? (345)
Type I hoods are placed over grease-producing equipment.
Type II hoods are placed over equipment such as dishwashers and ovens.
List some of the conditions inspectors must look for when inspecting cooking equipment like ventilation hoods. (345)
- Cleanliness and functionality
- No grease accumulation
- Proper provisions for grease removal, to include regularly scheduled cleaning
- Clearance of at least 18 inches from any combustible material unless the equipment is specially designed for a lesser clearance
- Fire extinguishers should be accessible, personnel should be trained in their proper use. Extinguishers should be compatible with the suppression system.
Name some of the special considerations inspectors need to be aware of when it comes to industrial furnaces and ovens. (348-349)
NFPA 86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces
- Failing to maintain required clearances can create fire and explosion hazards
- Ventilation systems, including makeup air and exhaust systems
- Heat, gas, and smoke removal systems
- Temperatures required for operation
- Material handling equipment
- Sprinklers or water spray systems for ovens that contain/process sufficient combustion materials to sustain a fire
- Maintenance, clearances should be maintained
- Automated controls and alarms should be approved for their application
- Check the schedule and extent of inspection, testing, and maintenance programs
- System should interlock in event of malfunction, equipment will deactivate and remove remaining fuel from system
What conditions should an inspector be alert to when inspecting facilities that use industrial trucks? (350)
NFPA 505
- Chargers for electric battery operated units should be at least 5 feet from combustible materials. Charging areas should not be accessible to public and should be vented to prevent accumulation of hydrogen gas.
- Liquid- or gas-fueled vehicles should only be fueled outside buildings. Fuel storage in compliance with local fire code.
- Workers to perform repairs in designated areas
- An Industrial Truck should only be used in the atmosphere for which it is specified. Hazardous atmospheres need special equipment and need posted signs that a certain type of truck is safe for that area.
- Industrial trucks should be marked with signs indicating the class of truck and operational restrictions if used in a hazardous electrical location.
- Industrial trucks must be maintained in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
Name some of the provisions required for tents. (350-352)
NFPA 102 Standard for Grandstands, Folding and Telescoping Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures
NFPA 701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films
- Flame resistant material
- materials inside/on tent must be treated or made of flame-retardant material
- Specified distance from property lines, vehicles, other tents
- Means of egress requirements per local building and fire codes
- Storage and handling of flammable or combustible liquids per fire code
- Electrical installments per local code (including extension cord)
- Pyrotechnics and open flames prohibited
- Access for emergency vehicles
- No combustible vegetation inside or up to 10 feet around tent.
- Fire-retardant treat hay, straw, shavings, or sawdust (or kept wet). Or limit amounts for daily care/feeding of animals.
What are some of the operations that can create hazardous atmospheres? (352)
- Welding, dipping, and quenching operations, and application of flammable finishes
- Dry cleaning operations
- Dust hazards
- Semiconductors/electronics manufacturing
- Distilleries
- Cutting, grinding, painting
- Presence of asphalt and tar kettles
Name the hot work fire safety issues inspectors should primarily be concerned with. (353)
- Equipment is well maintained
- Equipment is in working order
- Equipment is stored properly
- Combustible materials are kept well away from the areas containing hot work operations
- Oxygen and fuel gases in cylinders (oxy-fuel gas equipment) are stored properly
- Gas regulators are maintained at their proper settings
Name some of the controls model fire codes require for flammable finishing processes. (357)
- The use of mechanical ventilation to maintain the atmosphere below specified flammable liquids
- The installation of noncombustible equipment or noncombustible enclosures to limit the spread of fire beyond the flammable finishing area.
- The specification of hazardous (classified) electrical location boundaries in and around the spray finishing process to confirm the selected electrical equipment does not constitute an ignition source.
- An automatic fire extinguishing system in and around the flammable finishing process.
- Administrative controls limiting the amount of fuel in the flammable finishing area, and control of ignition sources including the prohibition of hot work
- Interlocks to stop the flammable finishing process if mechanical ventilation is lost or the automatic fire extinguishing system activates.
What are the three types of flammable finishing operations for which model fire codes specify requirements? (356)
Spray finishing (NFPA 33)
Powder coating
Immersion coating
How can hazards around quenching processes be reduced? (360-361)
Elimination of
- Open flames
- Spark-producing equipment or processes
- Equipment whose exposed surfaces exceed the autoignition temperature of the quenching medium.
- Tanks should be at grade level and not in basements
- Tanks should be designed with enough freeboard to keep tank from overflowing (6” min)
- Tanks should have overflow drains
- Tanks should be built within dikes with drains
- Drain boards and automatic-closing covers can prevent overflow due to automatic sprinkler system discharges
- Fire extinguishers of several types must be available
What are some of the items an inspector must verify when inspecting dry cleaning operations? (362)
NFPA 32
- Quantity of Class I solvents limited and properly stored
- Dry cleaning plant type and solvent used match
- Routine maintenance is performed to prevent accumulation of fluff, lint, or waste that could ignite or cause fire to spread rapidly
- All containers with flammable or combustible petroleum-based solvents are properly stored, transported, and used
- No Smoking policy in place, enforced, and signs posted
- Correct size and number of portable fire extinguishers are available and personnel is trained in their use
- Fire protection equipment, including detection and alarm equipment and automatic sprinklers, are operational.
What are the five conditions that must be present for a dust explosion to occur? (363, 365)
- Combustible dust must be suspended in the air.
- The particle concentration must be within its explosive range.
- An ignition source must be present.
- The dust must be in a confined space.
- Oxygen content must be capable of supporting combustion.
Explosion Pentagon: Fuel, Confinement, Dispersion, Heat, Oxygen
What occurs when there is a dust explosion? (363)
Dust explosions occur in series. The first usually is not as severe as subsequent explosions. The first explosion stirs dust that has settled on ledges, walls, equipment, or in areas of low travel. The second introduction of particles to the air generally results in larger and strong explosions.
What are some of the NFPA standards associated with dust control and explosions? (365-368)
NFPA 61 Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Dust Explosions in Agricultural and Food Processing Facilities
NFPA 68 Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting
NFPA 69 Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems
NFPA 70 National Electrical Code
NPFA 499 Recommended Practice for the Classification of Combustible Dusts and of Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas
NFPA 654 Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids.
What are some of the conditions an inspector should be aware of in a distillery? (373)
Primary hazards are fire and explosion.
Fires can occur when vapors from flammable organic compounds are released from leaks in tanks, casks, and equipment.
Dust from processing grain and combustion from wood floors, casks, and racks can cause fires or explosions.
A vapor explosion can occur if enough vapors are released in an enclosed space with an ignition source present:
- Open flames
- Torch cutting and welding
- Sparks (static, electrical, mechanical)
- Hot surfaces
- Heat from friction
- Radiant heat
- Combustible dust
All flammable materials necessary for an explosion (vapor, dust, gas) are present.
What should the inspector check for at a Distillery? (373-374)
The best way to prevent a distillery fire is to control flammable vapors and ignition sources.
- Note venting processes so that flammable vapors inside the building do not accumulate
- Make sure electrical system in rooms where distilling or blending flammable liquids is done conforms to the NEC Class I Division 1 Hazardous Location for Group D Flammable Liquids
- Check for proper ground and bonding technique when pouring ethanol from storage container to the still container and when decanting large amounts of finished product or byproduct
- Note that heaters and natural gas appliances that use pilot lights are at least 10 feet away from the pouring and distilling areas
- Verify that fire sprinkler systems meet the fire jurisdiction’s requirements for extinguishing an ethanol distillery fire.
- What is one of the most important ways in which an inspector can make a difference when it comes to unsafe behaviors? (308)
A. Allowing building managers to deal with them
B. Repeatedly issuing citations to property owners
C. Helping occupants/owners change unsafe behaviors
D. Report unsafe behaviors to the appropriate authorities
C
Oily rags in an open waste container is an example of which type of unsafe behavior? (308)
A. Inadequate housekeeping
B. Unintentional ignition sources
C. Improper storage of flammable liquids
D. Improper storage of combustible liquids
A
Leaving food unattended on a stove is an example of which of the following unsafe behaviors? (309)
A. Open burning
B. Inadequate housekeeping
C. Unintentional ignition sources
D. Improper use of electrical equipment
C
What is required by most model fire codes for individuals before open burning can take place? (310)
A. Permits
B. Contracts
C. Participant list
D. Appropriate weather
A
In addition to creating a potential ignition source, the improper use of electrical equipment also increases the: (312)
A. danger of electrocution or shock.
B. cost of electricity for the occupant.
C. likelihood of false smoke or fire alarms.
D. insurance costs for the property owner.
A
Using gasoline to ignite a solid fuel, such as charcoal, is an example of which unsafe behavior? (313)
A. Open burning
B. Inadequate housekeeping
C. Unintentional ignition sources
D. Improper use and storage of flammable and combustible liquids
D
As an inspector, the proper application of ____ will reduce unsafe conditions. (319)
A. SOPs
B. model codes
C. industry standards
D. locally adopted codes
D
Detailed electrical inspections are typically the responsibility of qualified: (320)
A. fire inspectors.
B. electrical engineers.
C. electrical inspectors.
D. electrical contractors.
C
Which of the following statements about arcing is MOST accurate? (320)
A. It cannot ignite combustible materials.
B. It does not produce high temperatures.
C. It commonly occurs in new electrical equipment.
D. It is the movement of current between two electrodes or conductors.
D
Who is usually responsible for the design, installation, and maintenance of fire protection systems in retail outlets? (323)
A. Architects
B. Occupants
C. Contractors
D. Store owners
D
Which common storage method uses structural framework onto which pallets or other materials are placed? (324)
A. Solid piling
B. Loose piling
C. Rack storage
D. Pallet storage
C
Which common storage method gives a fire the least chance to develop? (325)
A. Solid piling
B. Loose piling
C. Rack storage
D. Pallet storage
A
Inspectors should review ____ before conducting an inspection at a storage facility or retail outlet. (325)
A. building plans
B. architect blueprints
C. storage documentation
D. manufacturer’s recommendations
C
It is critical that inspectors diligently inspect a warehouse’s: (327)
A. smoke detectors.
B. architect blueprints.
C. ownership documentation.
D. automatic sprinkler system.
D
What is the primary hazard associated with lumberyards? (328)
A. Rack storage
B. High fuel load
C. Size of the lumberyard
D. Unpredictable staff presence
B
The majority of pallets are constructed of: (330)
A. paper.
B. metal.
C. plastic.
D. wood.
D
What are the two main hazards associated with recycling plants? (331)
A. High fuel loads and improper storage
B. Bulk storage and hazardous processes
C. Bulk storage and limited staff presence
D. Hazardous processes and high fuel loads
B
Which facilities present unique challenges due to the quantity of materials, the presence of treated and untreated materials, and the processes used on those materials? (332)
A. Lumberyards
B. Warehouses
C. Recycling facilities
D. Waste-handling facilities
D
Which waste disposal option can reduce the bulk of waste as much as 95 percent? (333)
A. Burial
B. Landfill
C. Compaction
D. Incineration
D
What can an inspector do about an observed unsafe behavior? (308)
A. Nothing
B. Evict occupants
C. Educate occupants
D. Report the behavior
C
Who can provide information to occupants about unsafe behaviors during facility surveys and preincident inspections? (308)
A. Property owner
B. Law enforcement
C. System manufacturers
D. Fire company personnel
D
Obstructions that prevent a safe and orderly exit are an example of which type of unsafe behavior? (308)
A. Inadequate housekeeping
B. Unintentional ignition sources
C. Improper storage of flammable liquids
D. Improper storage of combustible liquids
A
An open flame is an example of which of the following unsafe behaviors? (308)
A. Open burning
B. Inadequate housekeeping
C. Unintentional ignition sources
D. Improper use of electrical equipment
C
Which of the following is an unsafe behavior related to unintentional ignition sources? (309)
A. Obstructed exits
B. Using candles improperly
C. Not clearing overgrown brush
D. Accumulations of trash or litter
B
Which of the following activities is considered open burning under most model fire codes? (310)
A. Daisy chains
B. Burning candles outdoors
C. Tiki torches around a swimming pool
D. Burning combustible waste in metal drums
D
Who should inspectors notify if they encounter an unsafe situation created by the improper use of electrical equipment? (312)
A. Fire chief
B. Legal counsel
C. Building inspector
D. Electrical inspector
D
Equipment used in areas where explosive concentrations of ____ may exist must be equipped with special wiring and other electrical equipment for safety purposes. (312)
A. daisy chains
B. dust and vapors
C. grounded circuits
D. unprotected temporary lights
B
According to NFPA® National Electric Code, Class I locations contain: (313)
A. ignitable fibers.
B. grounded circuits.
C. combustible dust.
D. flammable vapors and gases.
D
According to NFPA® National Electric Code, Class II locations contain: (313)
A. ignitable fibers.
B. grounded circuits.
C. combustible dust.
D. flammable vapors and gases.
C
According to NFPA® National Electric Code, Class III locations contain: (313)
A. ignitable fibers.
B. grounded circuits.
C. combustible dust.
D. flammable vapors and gases.
A
Using flammable liquids for cleaning is an example of which unsafe behavior? (313)
A. Open burning
B. Inadequate housekeeping
C. Unintentional ignition sources
D. Improper use of flammable and combustible liquids
D
Which of the following is an example of improper use and storage of flammable and combustible liquids? (313)
A. Gasoline used in a lawnmower
B. Gasoline used in an automobile
C. Gasoline transported in a gas can
D. Gasoline stored in glass jars in a garage
D
Dispensing equipment for handling flammable or combustible liquids must be kept in: (316)
A. separate buildings.
B. regular storage rooms.
C. specially designed rooms.
D. underground bunkers outside the structure.
C
Which of the following is a common cause of electrical hazard fires? (320)
A. Circuit breakers
B. Old grounded circuits
C. Using extension cords
D. Worn electrical equipment
D
Which of the following statements about arcing is MOST accurate? (320)
A. It produces high temperatures.
B. It cannot ignite combustible materials.
C. It commonly occurs in new electrical equipment.
D. It is the stoppage of current at an electrode or conductor.
A
Common electrical hazards occur when electrical equipment is: (320)
A. overused.
B. used improperly.
C. greater than five years old.
D. in its first six months of usage.
B
Which of the following is MOST likely to lead to the issue of defective or improper electrical installations? (321)
A. Equipment recalls
B. Professional installers
C. Unpermitted electrical work
D. Certified electrical inspections
C
Which of the following is an example of an improper electrical installation? (321)
A. Lighting installed by an electrician
B. Appliances installed in appropriate locations
C. Installed appliances with inadequate-sized wiring
D. Recessed lighting with clearance from combustibles
C
Who is responsible for tracking changes to an electrical system? (322)
A. Fire inspector
B. Building inspector
C. Building custodian
D. Electrical inspector
C
Which of the following is something an inspector should pay special attention when inspecting storage facilities? (322)
A. Lighting conditions in the facility
B. Changes in management or ownership
C. Number of employees available during shifts
D. Changes in contents and storage arrangements
D
During a fire, an inspector is responsible for accurately identifying and describing conditions within storage facilities and big-box stores to: (323)
A. the media.
B. the occupants.
C. the store owners.
D. fire suppression units.
D
Which of the following is MOST accurate about pallet storage hazards? (323)
A. Materials on pallets are often wrapped in plastic wrap.
B. Plastic pallets are less combustible than wooden pallets.
C. There is no air space between the top and bottom layers of pallets.
D. Pallets are not stacked high enough for sprinklers to be effective.
A
Of the primary storage methods, which common storage method represents the most challenging fire protection problem? (324)
A. Solid piling
B. Loose piling
C. Rack storage
D. Pallet storage
C
Which commodity must be considered high-piled combustible storage if stored above a specific height above the finished floor? (325)
A. Paper
B. Metal
C. Wood
D. Plastic
D
When there is a pattern of higher activity in a warehouse when it approaches capacity or when higher-risk materials are stored, the inspector should: (326)
A. ask for new blueprints.
B. call the property manager.
C. speak to the warehouse staff.
D. return to conduct an inspection.
D
When a more challenging commodity is introduced or the height of storage is increased, the ____ must be evaluated to confirm the protection is adequate. (326)
A. security system
B. smoke detectors
C. video surveillance
D. automatic sprinkler system
D
Which of the following is a recommendation for exposure protection? (328)
A. Put heating devices near wood
B. Allow waste materials in restricted areas
C. Maintain required separation between materials
D. Store or stack combustible materials on the perimeter
C
Which of the following is MOST likely to influence the growth of lumberyard fires? (329)
A. Size of the lumberyard
B. Unpredictable staff presence
C. Congested storage conditions
D. Fire department response time
C
Which of the following is the MOST accurate regarding code provisions that must be implemented for open-yard storage? (330)
A. Gates and driveways must be locked at all times.
B. Heights of the stacks must not exceed 3 feet (1 m).
C. Driveways must be wide enough to accommodate the largest apparatus.
D. Heights of stacks must not exceed 10 feet (3 m) to verify they remain stable.
C
Inspectors usually encounter tire storage in: (330)
A. recycling facilities.
B. residential garages.
C. pallet storage facilities.
D. junkyards or scrap tire facilities.
D
Inspectors should check all ____ within an occupancy used for recycling. (332)
A. vehicles
B. staff members
C. construction material
D. material-handling equipment
D
Incineration can reduce the bulk of waste as much as: (333)
A. 50 percent.
B. 80 percent.
C. 95 percent.
D. 98 percent.
C
Which of the following statements about incinerators is MOST accurate? (333)
A. Incinerators have no risk of overheating.
B. The failure of fire detection systems is a common hazard.
C. Incinerators are effective in destroying medical, chemical, and biological wastes.
D. Incinerators are not effective in destroying medical, chemical, and biological wastes.
C
Which of the following is an indication that an incinerator is being operated properly? (334)
A. The manager knows the emergency response plan.
B. Smoke and odors are emitted during routine operations.
C. Fuel-fired incinerators are preheated for 2 hours before use.
D. The waste material ash compartment is cleaned on a regular basis.
D
What should inspectors refer to regarding the inspection of building services such as cooking equipment? (335)
A. Model codes
B. Industry standards
C. Locally adopted codes
D. Manufacturer’s standards
C
What are the primary fire hazards of HVAC systems? (335-336)
A. Buildup or leakage of gases
B. Inadequate clearances and improper limit controls
C. Careless handling of ashes and accumulation of creosote
D. Heating appliances and the spread of fire through the air handling system
D
A ____ is a pressure vessel that is used to generate steam to power machinery. (338)
A. boiler
B. heat element
C. HVAC system
D. gravity furnace
A
Which of the following is a self-contained device that is thermostatically controlled? (340)
A. Boiler
B. Unit heater
C. HVAC system
D. Gravity furnace
B
Heating devices that require nearby floors and walls be properly protected are called: (340)
A. boilers.
B. elements.
C. room heaters.
D. gravity furnaces.
C
Which type of heating device is hazardous because they can easily be misused? (342)
A. Unit heaters
B. Room heaters
C. Gravity furnaces
D. Temporary/portable heaters
D
An example of a mechanical air-moving or air-distribution system is a: (344)
A. boiler.
B. furnace.
C. room heater.
D. ventilation system.
D
Which type of ventilation hoods are placed over dishwashers and ovens? (345)
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
B
Many commercial cooking establishments utilize ____ for fire suppression. (347)
A. no specific systems
B. water-based systems
C. dry-chemical systems
D. wet-chemical systems
D
Which class of industrial ovens and furnaces operate at approximately atmospheric pressure where no flammable volatile combustibles materials are being heated? (348)
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C
D. Class D
B
The most common type of powered industrial truck is the: (349)
A. forklift.
B. ambulance.
C. dump truck.
D. fire apparatus.
A
Combustible vegetation must be cleared both inside a tent and up to ____ around the outside of the tent. (352)
A. 1 foot (.3 m)
B. 5 feet (1.5 m)
C. 10 feet (3 m)
D. 25 feet (7.5 m)
C
Which hazardous process is considered hot work? (352)
A. Auto paint shops
B. Quenching operations
C. Dry cleaning operations
D. Welding or thermal cutting
D
Workers must maintain a fire watch for at least ____ after any welding or thermal cutting operation. (355)
A. 15 minutes
B. 30 minutes
C. 45 minutes
D. 60 minutes
B
Which flammable finishing method involves the suspension of electrically charged combustible powders? (356)
A. Spray coating
B. Powder coating
C. Quench coating
D. Immersion coating
B
What is a significant issue regarding tanks used in quenching operations? (360)
A. Overflow
B. Splashing
C. Drain clogs
D. Dust hazards
A
Which of the following is an example of passive dust control? (368)
A. Vacuuming systems
B. Dust collection system
C. Air material separators
D. Conveyor belt enclosures
D
The keys to preventing fires in materials-handling facilities are controlling dust and: (369)
A. training staff.
B. ignition sources.
C. cleaning motors.
D. controlling staff access.
B
The best way to prevent a distillery fire is to: (373)
A. vent all vapors inside the facility.
B. use the smallest tanks and casks possible.
C. produce only one type of spirit in the distillery.
D. control flammable vapors and ignition sources.
D
Inspectors should refer to ____ regarding building services, including heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems. (335)
A. model codes
B. model standards
C. locally adopted codes
D. manufacturer’s regulations
C
Which of the following is an inspector responsible for verifying when it comes to HVAC systems? (335)
A. Creosote levels
B. Properly installed limit controls
C. Appropriate pressure relief valves
D. Qualified personnel are properly maintaining the system
D
What determines fire separation requirements for an HVAC system room? (336)
A. Model codes
B. Industry standards
C. Type and size of refrigeration or heating equipment
D. Type of combustible materials that may be in the room
C
What principle do most furnaces use to move air? (336)
A. Gravity
B. Forced air
C. Natural draft
D. Single-stage operation
B
Gravity furnaces are typically located in: (336)
A. basements of houses.
B. annexes of commercial facilities.
C. furnace rooms of office buildings.
D. boiler rooms of apartment buildings.
A
Floor furnaces must be properly vented so they cannot contribute to a buildup of: (337)
A. radon.
B. oxygen.
C. carbon dioxide.
D. carbon monoxide.
D
Inspectors should warn occupants with floor furnaces about the danger of: (338)
A. disconnecting the fire-tube.
B. ignoring the pressure valve.
C. removing the ASMS nameplate.
D. covering the register in order to dry clothes.
D
Where are wall furnaces usually found? (338)
A. Storage facilities
B. Warehouse annexes
C. Residential occupancies or small offices
D. Commercial occupancies or large offices
C
When conducting an inspection on a boiler, an inspector should verify compliance by: (339)
A. determining if it is vented.
B. determining the age of the boiler.
C. checking the training records of the operator.
D. checking the ASME nameplate and the pressure relief device.
D
Which type of boiler passes combustion gases through tubes that are immersed in circulating water? (339)
A. Gravity boilers
B. Fire-tube boilers
C. Water-tube boilers
D. Pressure vessel boilers
B
A ____ boiler is a steam-generating unit in which steam and water circulate through a series of small drums and tubes. (339)
A. gravity
B. fire-tube
C. water-tube
D. pressure vessel
C
Which fuel, used in boilers, is atomized at the burner, which causes it to mix with air and burn most efficiently? (339)
A. Oil
B. Coal
C. Wood
D. Natural gas
A
Which of the following is a hazard of coal-fired boilers? (339)
A. Leaking fuel
B. Gas buildup
C. Leaking fumes
D. Coal dust buildup
D
Inspectors are MOST likely to obtain useful information regarding boilers by consulting the: (339)
A. internet.
B. workers.
C. building inspector.
D. facilities manager.
B
A self-contained heating device that may be mounted on the floor or suspended from the wall or ceiling is a: (340)
A. boiler.
B. unit heater.
C. HVAC system.
D. gravity furnace.
B
Which type of heating device is a self-contained unit that uses the circulation of radiant heat as the heating medium? (340)
A. Boilers
B. Unit heaters
C. Room heaters
D. Gravity furnaces
C
When conducting an inspection of a room heater, an inspector should ensure: (341)
A. it is vented appropriately.
B. the unit is less than five years old.
C. its pressure relief valve is functioning.
D. the operator has been properly trained.
A
Which type of heating device is hazardous because it can easily be placed in poor locations, misused, or damaged? (342)
A. Unit heater
B. Room heater
C. Gravity furnace
D. Temporary/portable heater
D
What resource should an inspector use to determine if a certain type of heater is prohibited in certain occupancies? (342)
A. Model codes
B. Industry standards
C. Locally adopted codes
D. Manufacturer standards
C
What do inspectors need to remember when dealing with refrigerants? (344)
A. Refrigerants are not flammable or toxic.
B. Refrigerants are very flammable and toxic.
C. Refrigerants are very flammable, but are not toxic.
D. Refrigerants are not very flammable, but are very toxic.
D
What is the primary fire safety concern associated with ventilation systems? (344)
A. Risk of explosion
B. Lack of sprinklers
C. Emission of toxic fumes
D. Transmission of fire and smoke
D
How do HVAC systems remove particulate dust and pollens from the air? (344)
A. Fans
B. Ductwork
C. Filtering devices
D. Dust collection systems
C
When clean, ____ filters will not contribute fuel to a fire, and emit very small quantities of smoke. (344)
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class 1
D. Class 2
C
Filters that will burn moderately or emit moderate quantities of smoke are: (344)
A. Class A filters.
B. Class B filters.
C. Class 1 filters.
D. Class 2 filters.
D
Filters that will burn moderately or emit moderate quantities of smoke are: (344)
A. Class A filters.
B. Class B filters.
C. Class 1 filters.
D. Class 2 filters.
C
The type of ventilation hood located over grease-producing equipment should be: (345)
A. Type I.
B. Type II.
C. Type III.
D. Type IV.
A
The type of ventilation hood located over a dishwasher or oven should be: (345)
A. Type I.
B. Type II.
C. Type III.
D. Type IV.
B
When inspecting ventilation-hood systems and their associated fire protection equipment, inspectors should verify: (346)
A. plans for unit replacement.
B. all detailed expenses of the unit.
C. the list of staff approved for operations.
D. general cleanliness, obvious damage, and obstructions.
D
What type of cooking equipment includes wood-fired brick ovens or smoking equipment? (346)
A. Gas
B. Electric
C. Natural
D. Solid-fuel
D
How many days supply of solid fuel is allowed in the same room as the appliance that uses it? (346)
A. One day
B. Two days
C. Five days
D. Seven days
A
A notable inspection item for fire suppression systems on commercial cooking equipment includes: (347)
A. inspecting tamper seals.
B. checking pressure gauges.
C. proper venting of the system.
D. instruction signs for manual operation.
D
What type of fire suppression systems do many commercial cooking establishments utilize? (347)
A. No specific systems
B. Water-based systems
C. Wet-chemical systems
D. Dry-chemical systems
C
The cause of most failures related to industrial furnaces and ovens can be traced to: (348)
A. age of the system.
B. improper installation.
C. lack of fire suppression.
D. inadequately trained operators.
D
Industrial ovens and furnaces that operate at approximately atmospheric pressure and have a potential for explosion when flammable volatile or combustibles materials are processed or heated are classified as: (348)
A. Class A.
B. Class B.
C. Class C.
D. Class D.
A
Which class of industrial oven or furnace can include the use of special processing atmospheres? (348)
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C
D. Class D
D
Ovens that contain or process sufficient combustion materials to sustain a fire should be equipped with: (348)
A. fire alarms.
B. fire extinguishers.
C. automatic sprinklers.
D. makeup air ventilation systems.
C
Which of the following control overheating and other malfunctions in industrial furnaces and ovens? (349)
A. Fire alarms
B. Fire extinguishers
C. Automatic sprinklers
D. Automated controls and alarms
D
When inspecting facilities that contain powered industrial trucks, inspectors should verify: (350)
A. fueling stations are inside the facility.
B. repairs are performed in the same place the trucks are used.
C. trucks are maintained according to manufacturer’s instructions.
D. chargers for electric battery-operated units are kept at least 10 feet (3 m) from combustible materials.
C
Materials that go inside a tent or on a tent, such as banners or decorations, must be: (350)
A. removed overnight.
B. at least 3 feet (1 m) in height.
C. located far from means of egress.
D. treated with or made of flame-retardant material.
D
When inspecting hot work areas, inspectors should be primarily concerned with: (353)
A. operation costs.
B. operator training.
C. plans for equipment replacement.
D. maintenance and storage of equipment.
D
In welding or cutting areas, shop rags or towels should be kept: (353)
A. on workbenches.
B. in the operator’s pocket.
C. in approved metal containers with lids.
D. in approved plastic containers with lids.
C
When wood shavings or paper clippings are on the floor, an area with a radius of ____ must be cleared before welding can begin. (354)
A. 10 feet (3 m)
B. 25 feet (7.5 m)
C. 35 feet (10.7 m)
D. 50 feet (15.25 m)
C
Who is required to approve a hot work program? (354)
A. AHJ
B. Fire chief
C. Fire inspector
D. Business owner
A
How long must workers maintain a fire watch after any welding or thermal cutting operation? (355)
A. 15 minutes
B. 30 minutes
C. 45 minutes
D. 60 minutes
B
The flammable finishing method that creates an aerosol that is easily ignited is: (356)
A. spray finishing.
B. quench coating.
C. powder finishing.
D. immersion coating.
A
Which flammable finishing method involves the placement of a suspended article into an open dip tank of flammable or combustible liquids? (356)
A. Spray coating
B. Powder coating
C. Quench coating
D. Immersion coating
D
What is the most common flammable finishing operation? (357)
A. Spray finishing
B. Powder coating
C. Quench coating
D. Immersion coating
A
What will a fire inspector want to confirm about spray booths or spray room ventilation? (358)
A. Carbon levels
B. Air balance test
C. Air exhaust rate
D. Exhaust fan function
C
What is the primary hazard of powder coating? (358)
A. Improper operations
B. Poor operator training
C. Failure of automatic sprinklers
D. Ignition of combustible powder
D
Which of the following can lower the potential of an incident at an immersion operation? (359)
A. Do not locate it near an egress area
B. Proper installation of mechanical equipment
C. Require advanced training for immersion operators
D. Locate it in a separate occupancy from other processes
A
Quenching operations should be designed where ____ automatically stop in the event of a fire. (359)
A. power lifts
B. conveyor systems
C. heating mechanisms
D. spark-producing mechanisms
B
A significant issue regarding tanks used in quenching operations is: (360)
A. clogs.
B. overflow.
C. splashing.
D. dust hazards.
B
The primary fire hazard with dry cleaning systems is (are): (361)
A. drain clogs.
B. dust hazards.
C. the lack of official oversight.
D. the presence of fuels, ignition sources, and oxygen.
D
Dry cleaning plants are classified by: (361)
A. the type of solvents used.
B. the number of people present.
C. the distance from a fire department.
D. the type of fire suppression system used.
A
Which of the following is a condition that must be present for a dust explosion to occur? (362)
A. Oxygen content must be below 18%.
B. Combustible dust must be suspended in air.
C. At least one side of the area must have ventilation.
D. Auto-ignition temperature of the suspended dust must be reached.
B
In a dust explosion, the ____ explosion in the series is not as severe. (363)
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. last
A
What entity should test all combustible dusts that may produce a dust explosion during a process hazard analysis (PHA)? (366)
A. Fire marshal
B. Fire inspector
C. Qualified testing agency
D. Materials manufacturers
C
Materials like coal, carbon black, and charcoal are classified as: (367)
A. Group F combustible dusts.
B. Group G combustible dusts.
C. Group H combustible dusts.
D. Group I combustible dusts.
A
Dust atmospheres produced in flour, grain, wood, plastic, and chemical processing operations are classified as: (367)
A. Group F combustible dusts.
B. Group G combustible dusts.
C. Group H combustible dusts.
D. Group I combustible dusts.
B
Active dust controls are usually mechanical dust-collection systems capable of collecting ____ of the dust. (368)
A. 75 percent
B. 80.5 percent
C. 95 percent
D. 99.5 percent
D
Keys to preventing fires in materials-handling facilities include: (369)
A. cleaning motors and conveyor belts.
B. controlling dust and ignition sources.
C. cleaning filters and proper installations.
D. controlling staff access and solvent types.
B
What is the most common place for fires to occur in woodworking operations? (371)
A. Storage bins
B. Sawdust piles
C. The dust hogger
D. The dust collection system
C
Spark-producing portable power tools and propellant-actuated tools should be used: (371)
A. near storage bins.
B. near quenching operations.
C. near machinery that causes vibrations.
D. where combustible dust is not present.
D
When working with torch-applied roofing materials, fire watch inspections must be conducted for at least: (372)
A. 30 minutes after work has been completed and the last torch has been turned off.
B. one hour after work has been completed and the last torch has been turned off.
C. two hours after work has been completed and the last torch has been turned off.
D. three hours after work has been completed and the last torch has been turned off.
C
How many employees knowledgeable about the operation being conducted and about any potential hazards should constantly attend a tar kettle? (372)
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
A
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B
