Finishing Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is the fate of pyruvate?
-fatty acid synthesis
-lactate
-citric acid cycle
Where does the citric acid cycle take place?
-mitochondria
What is the citric acid cycle?
oxidation of acetyl-CoA resulting in formation of ATP
-aerobic
How is the citric acid cycle regulated?
-pyruvate dehydrogenase
-isocitrate dehydrogenase
What is the net ATP value from 1 pyruvate?
12.5 ATP
25 ATP from 2 pyruvate
How many ATP from glycolysis?
7 ATP/glucose
How many ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of glucose?
32 ATP
What activates pyruvate dehydrogenase?
insulin
What deactivates isocitrate dehydrogenase?
high levels of NADH, H+ compared to NAD+
What happens in the inner membrane of the mitochondria?
regulates entry/exit of compounds into or out of mitochondria
What happens in the matrix?
space inside the inner membrane where metabolic pathways occur
Where does electron transport occur?
inner membrane of the mitochondria
What is the process of electron transport?
- electron is removed from NADH, H+ and FADH2 and transported through the complexes of the electron transport chain
-H+ protons are being pumped into intermembrane space creating a proton gradient
-end result is the production of water and oxidation of reducing equivalents to NAD+ and FAD
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
synthesis of ATP
-ATP synthase found in the inner membrane is the enzyme complex the produces ATP
-4H+ bind to the ATP synthase to produce 1 ATP
ATP synthesis from NADH
-release of 10 H+ into inter membrane space
-results in synthesis of 2.5 ATP
