finals Flashcards
from where did china get its marathon strategy?
other countries goodwill, mainly the US
misconception about China is due to what?
sophisticated to mislead
who revealed one component of the marathon operation, the crackdown on Chinese bloggers who have proven essential to revealing the truth about China to Western reporters?
Ai Weiwei
what did Ai Weiwei know about the Chinese govt?
that they, at the highest levels, use false reality to cultivate the goodwill of foreign govts, policymakers, academics, reporters, business leaders, and analysts
Who wrote Unrestricted Warfare?
Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui
what book caused a splash in the Chinese military community fro the bluntness with which it discussed Americas vulnerabilities?
Unrestricted Warfare
what book wrote about the advocacy of law-fare [using int’l laws, bodies, and courts to restrict America]
Unrestricted Warfare
law-fare
[using int’l laws, bodies, and courts to restrict America]
what city had ruthlessly efficient message control?
Beinjing
what is the Fuchai?
the old hegemon
who was Fuchai’s adviser?
Wh Zixu, “hawkish”
Gouijan?
rising challenger to Fuchai who aspired to become ruler of the world
who does Fuchai take prisoner?
Gouijan
seeking optimal moment?
revenge by using the stratagem of shi
propaganda system
Mrs. Lee revealed that the operation had a $12 billion annual budget and was run by the Politburos standing committee, which met weekly in a secret in Beijing, spending much of its time creating messages to be promoted that controlled Chinese newspapers and tv programs and magazines published overseas as well as Chinese internet
who is the top leader of Lamaist Buddhism?
Dalai Lama
what was the goal of neutralizing Clinton’s effort to pressure China to the return of the Dalai Lama to Tibet?
to demonize the Dalai lama by exaggerating his political demands and calling him a politician, not a religious leader, using the term, “a jackal in Buddhist monk’s robes.” and promoting other Tibetan leaders instead
who was a former professional counsel tot eh Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the coauthor of two books on China?
William c. Triplett II
blue team
analysts who consider themselves locked in an ideological struggle with the pro-China experts
red team
american experts seen as pro-beijing
who was a Harvard historian?
Ross Terrill
to cultivate more allies what did the Chinese govt est?
Confucius institutes across the world
what shows how important Confucius institutes are?
the organization is headed by Liu Yandong, a vice premier and the first woman to obtain membership on the politbuo
what was a godsend for cash-strapped university administrators?
Hanban
what is Hanban?
an arm of the Chinese government that’s chaired by the minister of education
what was the the Chinese embassy use the Confucius institute for?
to carry out political surveillance, convert propaganda and inhibit research on sensitive areas such as the falungong
who used codes and indirections to sidestep Beijing’s demands
Perry Link
what are the four main strategies to influence western media?
- direct action: obstruction of news gathering, “prior restraint”, punishment of overseas outlets
- employing economic carrot sand sticks to induce self-censorship
- applying indirect pressure via proxies
- conducting cyber-attacks and physical assaults
crackdown on internet
- one of the world’s biggest digital empires run by the CCP
2. they created the Great Firewall of China
Meicum Weng
- reports on human rights abuses
2. china traces the money trail to disfavored overseas outlets
assassin’s mace
thought to include electromagnetic pulse and high powered microwave weapons, according to the footnote
shashoujian
the term is formed by 3 Chinese characters meaning “kill”, “hand”, and “mace”
mastery of outer space:
new commanding heights for naval combat
863 program
china’s national high technology program was a major effect by China to overcome shortcomings in its national security through the use of science and technology
examples of dual-use technologies (military and civilian applications)
biotech, laser tech, advanced materials
what was included in the us power projection system include?
forward-deployed intercontinental ballistic missiles and military bases, aerial refueling capabilities, nuclear-armed bombers, long-distance troop transport capabilities
who tried to replicate the us power projection system?
Russia
who had a low ship-building budget?
US
AirSea battle
combines naval and air assets to defend against adversaries intent on denying freedom of navigation
what are the seven fears derived from?
solely from the int’l Chinese military services
Chen Youwei
several pathologies in Beijing’s decision making: reading the worst intentions into an adversary’s actions, ideological ossification, and disconnection from reality
how do foreign powers use the first island chain against China?
by turning it into a blockade
northern sword
exercise in Inner Mongolia in 2005 involved elements of two armored divisions: more than 28 hundred tanks and other vehicles performed China’s largest field maneuver involving armored troops and an airlift over 2000 kilos that simulated an attack on terrorists who were receiving foreign military support.
what were the purposes of Da ji zeng shi?
achieve a psychological shock, reverse a crisis situation or establish a fait accompli
Robert Suettinger
opaque non-communicative decision-making system
how many units focus on electronic warfare?
16
what is Titan Rain?
incursions originated on a local network that connected to three routers in Guangdong Province in southern china though US officials still offer only generic comments about this and other published reports about the attack
what are the weaknesses of information super-highways?
vulnerable to attack by electrical incapacitation systems that could disrupt or destroy electrical power systems, civilian aviation systems, transportation networks, seaports, television broadcast stations, telecommunications systems, computer centers, factories and businesses
what is a small device that clings to an American satellite and either disables it or hijacks the info it gathers?
parasitic microsatellite
During the Gulf War what did the US Navy rely on for 19 million gallons for oil a day and 23 times more ammunition than the Korean war?
open sea lanes
what are open sea lanes vulnerable to?
asymmetric attacks from submarines, sea mines, torpedoes, and carrier-killer missiles
what is the most important ship in the 21 Century according to China’s Navy Research Institute?
submarine
what is HARM?
AGM-88 High Speed Anti-Radiation Missile
how does HARM work?
is attached to American military planes and protects them by homing in on the radar emissions of incoming surface-to-air missiles before shooting them out of the sky
what does American air superiority depend on?
HARM
key lessons from Charles darwin
- curriculum: ancient history lessons
2. translations of half a dozen books on how American became the largest economy in the world
America dominated what industries?
- paper
- Andrew Carnegie in steel
- copper and aluminum
- B.F. Goodrich
what is a ruthless brand of mercantilism?
subsidizing of state-owned enterprises
what was China’s nakedly mercantilism strategy?
subsidizing key industries and government-guided efforts to acquire ownership of foreign natural resources and energy reserves born of an almost paranoid view of oil and gas are reaching a global peak of production
what is China’s peak oil theory?
the idea that energy supplies will soon dwindle and prices will consequently skyrocket
what are the consequences of the Great Sparrow Campaign in 1958?
- locusts ravaged harvests
- severe drought
- more than 30,000,000 Chinese perished due to famine
who was China’s paramount leader in 1978?
Deng Xiaoping
who saw that without a vibrant private sector, China would never be a highly competitive global power?
Deng Xiaoping
Who pushed for major reforms in China’s economy, thereby shifting away form traditional Marxism-Leninism by degrees?
Deng Xiaoping
what were the four modernization that Deng Xiaoping accomplished?
agriculture, industry, technology, and military
how long did it take China to join the World Trade Organization?
15 years
NY Times columnist?
Thomas Friedman
Who wrote The Lexus and the Olive Tree?
Thomas Friedman
What book’s theory states that “two countries that both had McDonald had fought a war against each other since each got its McDonald”?
The Lexus and the Olive Tree
where was the post-world war ii global economic order drawn up at in 1944?
Bretton Woods
what did Deng realize from Bretton Woods?
to catch up to the US and other highly developed counties, China would need to join the WTO and obtain loans from the international Monetary Fund and the World Bank- all of which were aggressively pushed by political, government, and business elites in Western capitals.
what became about 8% of China’s GDP?
counterfeiting
who was a top Chinese economic adviser in 2008 and later became the World Banks chief economist?
Justin Lin
who was one of the best sources about the origins of China’s economic strategy through his writing and speeches?
Justin Lin
who was president of the World Bank?
A. W. Clausen
the six recommendations: the Bank endorsed China’s socialist approach-
- emphasize high-tech manufactured goods
- do not slide into excessive borrowing form foreign sources
- encourage foreign direct investment only for advanced technology
- spread foreign investments out for SEZs
- phase out foreign trade companies
- long-term framework for the whole economy should be worked out regularly
who formed an alliance with the World Bank, greatly aiding China’s Marathon Strategy?
Zhou Xiaochuan
model of Chaebol
- SOEs must advance one or more of the Four Modernization’s
- funding from state banks
- national champions encouraged to acquire foreign technology and raw materials
- result: huge competitive edge of SOEs against the west
what was the National champions system?
reversal by the World Bank and IMF in violation of China’s original committments
what did the World bank recommend creating?
portfolio companies,much like mutual funds in a free-market economies. stock exchanges should be est. to sell shares in the SOEs.
cronyism
return to mercantilist practices
what are reasons for reliance on SOEs?
- successes
- continuing role for CCP
- state as a major player
- patronage and legitimacy
- indigenous innovation
6 avoid selling of state industries to political cronies
where do most network intrusions originate?
China
what happens if real reformers take over China?
china would not be as menacing
what is at stake if reformers fail to take over China?
- Chinese values will replace American values
- China will harmonize dissent on the internet
- China will continue to oppose democratization
- China will form alliances with America’s adversaries
- china will export the airpocalypse
- China’s growth strategy entails significant pollution and contamination
- cancer villages
- China will increasingly undermine the united nations and the world trad organization
- China will proliferate weapons for profit
who was a Chinese human rights activist in New York?
Wen Yunchao
who’s phone, email, and twitter accounts were hacked after giving a speech at the UN about human rights, allegedly committed by the Chinese government?
Wen Yunchao
how many Chinese are employed in internet censorship?
more than one million
what does Beijing’s five principles do?
prohibit interference in countries’ internal affairs
what happens when China’s power grows?
its ability to protect dictatorial, pro-China govt and to undermine representative govt will likely grow dramatically as well
Who does Beijing publicly endorse as president of Zimbabwe?
Robert Mugabe
who was China harboring?
two major Chinese telecommunications companies were helping the Taliban build a major telephone system in Kabul, an effort that continued after the 9/11 attacks
to what regime did China extend support?
Saddam Hussein
oil-for-food program
China asked the UN for permission to sell Iraq a fiber-optic communications system. after the UN denied the Chinese request the company ignored the world body and transferred the equipment anyway
what has China subsidized?
coal
why are the rivers so polluted in China?
since the 1980s there have been 10,000 petrochemical plants and 4,000 plants. about 40% of the country’s rivers are seriously polluted and in 20% of its rivers the water quality is too toxic to touch safely
why has China’s fishing industry move into contested waters?
because of water contamination
what is IP theft?
intellectual property theft
what do China’s industrial policy goals have the effect of encouragement on?
IP theft
antitrust policy
in 2007 China enacted an anti-monopoly law but exempt SOEs. it is directed at foreign countries trying to acquire native businesses.
what was viewed as a potential counter to NATO?
Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
who are the members of SCO?
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan
what does the SCO include?
mechanisms for collaboration on trade, finance, and legal matters
how is a new world order being created?
by first delegitimizing the old world order:
- appeal to abandon the old hegemon
- creating an imagine of the current order in terminal decline
what happened in china’s proliferation network?
Libya supplied a trove of documents
what Chinese president delivered the speech “Build toward a Harmonious World of Lasting Peace and Common Prosperity”?
Hu Jintao
what Chinese president said development was of overriding importance?
Xi Jinping
What to expect of a sinocentric world?
- rewritten history defaming the west
- environmental degradation
- marginalization of some international organizations
- Chinese controlled economic and military alliances
China’s destruction of its weather satellite in 2007
was the first in a series of warning shots-intentional provocations and hostilities seemingly designed to test the resolve of the united states and allied nations and the boundaries of what is deemed acceptable by international norms
what did Wen Jiabo do that snubbed other heads of government in 2009?
by refusing to attend most of the negotiations
who was the director of the Pentagon’s office of Net Assessment?
Andrew Marshall
why has China begun to bring out centuries old maps?
to prove their historical connections with islands in the East and South China Seas to justify asserting expansive territorial claims
what is an ADIZ?
air defense identification zone
what is involved in an ADIZ?
while other countries had declared their own in the past, China’s stood out for its unusually strict requirements, requiring aircraft in the zone not only to identify themselves and provide their flight plan, but also to maintain radio contact with the Chinese ADIZ admin
who made claims on the Spratly Islands?
in a summit meeting in May 2010 with the US, China asserted its claim, which added tens of thousands of square miles of ocean with rich energy and fishing resources
what did China call for in November of 1995?
the closing of American bases on Okinawa and called into question the need for US-Japan mutual security treaty in the post-Cold War environment
who is worried for japan’s predatory need for resources?
Premier Li Peng
long-term multi-phase wei qi game
- authors speech designed to toss a brick and get back jade
- Chinese defector: it took seven generations of kings to win ultimate hegemony
- average wei qi game consists of three hundred moves
nine elements of hundred year marathon:
- induce complacency to avoid alerting your opponent
- manipulate your opponent’s advisers
- be patient -for decades or longer- to achieve victory
- steal your opponents’ ideas and technology for strategic purposes
- military might is not the critical favor for winning a long-term competition
- recognize the hegemon will take extreme, even reckless action to retain its dominant position
- never lose sight of shi
- est and employ metrics for measuring your status relative to other potential challengers
- always be vigilant to avoid being encircled ord eceived by others
who warned against falling for deception against cleverer adversaries?
Sun Tzu
what did Confucius advocated the supreme importance of?
calling things by their correct names, what he called zheng ming, as the foundation for correct stratecy
what was a result of Sputnik?
it spurred America’s technological and military dominance and investment in its engineering and science education and private sector innovation
front line soldiers of the cold war were__?
dissidents
who is the founder and president of china aid?
Bob Fu
who seeks to equip the Chinese people to defend their faith and freedom?
Bob Fu
what organization’s purpose is to promote legal reforms, fund house churches in china and assist imprisoned Christians?
China Aid
who was a dissident survivor of Tienanmen Square that has been fighting for 25 years to foster accountability within China’s government?
Yank Jianli
what has representative Frank Wolf of VA consistently worked for?
to protect US technological assets from China and to improve human rights there
what did Jimmy Wales do about the Chinese Great Firewall?
he refused to comply. he says that wikipedia stands “for the freedom for information, and for us to compromise… would send very much the wrong signal…”
1975 Helsinki Accords
- fear of galvanization of Pro-democracy Forces
- fear of a Gorbachev-like figure
- silent contest
former US ambassador to China and a 27 year year veteran of the CIA, who underestimated the extent of China’s move toward democracy and how close the protests came to removing the communist government?
James Lilley
who is hailed as the father of the Singaporean miracle?
Lee Kuan Yew
Lee’s views on China
- China’s intention is to e the greatest power in the world
- there is not going to be a revolution for democacy
a. China’s greatest advantage is economic influence
b. it will only lose if it competes with America in armaments
